全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3517篇 |
免费 | 457篇 |
国内免费 | 366篇 |
专业分类
4340篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 86篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 145篇 |
2020年 | 197篇 |
2019年 | 248篇 |
2018年 | 193篇 |
2017年 | 221篇 |
2016年 | 209篇 |
2015年 | 138篇 |
2014年 | 161篇 |
2013年 | 614篇 |
2012年 | 108篇 |
2011年 | 191篇 |
2010年 | 99篇 |
2009年 | 178篇 |
2008年 | 189篇 |
2007年 | 154篇 |
2006年 | 153篇 |
2005年 | 164篇 |
2004年 | 127篇 |
2003年 | 126篇 |
2002年 | 105篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 56篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 40篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4340条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
801.
BackgroundRecent research has shown that internal (body-related) attention-focus instructions disrupt motor learning and performance, whereas paying attention to the environmental effects of movements (external focus) leads to better performance than an internal focus [see, for reviews, Wulf, G. (2007). Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 10 years of research. E-Journal Bewegung und Training, 1, 4–14.; Wulf, G., &; Prinz, W. (2001). Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: a review. Psychonomic Bulletin &; Review, 8, 648–660.]. However, Beilock's studies [Beilock, S. L., Bertenthal, B. I., McCoy, A. M., &; Carr, T. H. (2004). Haste does not always make waste: expertise, direction of attention, and speed versus accuracy in performing sensorimotor skills. Psychonomic Bulletin &; Review, 11, 373–379.] suggest that an internal focus is detrimental in experts but not in novices. Because detrimental effects of consciously attending to movements have generally been measured by performance scores such as accuracy scores or reaction times, it remains unclear how internal and external attentional-focus instructions influence movement kinematics when learning a new skill. To fill this gap, the present study investigated attentional-focus effects on a biomechanical level.MethodsA video of an expert juggler demonstrating a two-ball juggling task was presented to juggling novices. Experimental groups were given either body-related (internal group) or ball-related (external group) verbal instructions or no attention-guiding instructions (control group). In the retention phase without attention-guiding instructions, the body-movement and ball-flight aspects of performance focused on in the verbal instruction were subjected to biomechanical analyses.Results and ConclusionsJuggling performance improved equally in all three groups. However, internally vs. externally instructed acquisition phases had differential effects on the kinematics of the upper body as well as ball trajectories when performing the juggling task. Remarkably, ball trajectories in the control group who received no specific attentional cueing were similar to those in the externally instructed group. This suggests that task-relevant information is picked up independently of instructions, and that external instructions provide redundant information. Internal instructions for object-related tasks, however, may confront novice learners with the need to process additional information. As a result, task difficulty might be unnecessarily enhanced in an observational learning setting. 相似文献
802.
Emily R. Batty Laurie L. Bloomfield Marcia L. Spetch Christopher B. Sturdy 《Animal cognition》2009,12(4):633-641
Since Cheng (Cognition 23:149–178, 1986) first proposed the “geometric module” in rats, a great deal of research has focused
on how other species use geometric information and how geometric encoding may differ across species. Here, hand-reared and
wild-caught black-capped chickadees and wild-caught mountain chickadees searched for food hidden in one corner in a rectangular
environment. Previous research has shown that mountain chickadees do not spontaneously encode geometric information when a
salient feature is present near the goal location. Using a slightly different training and testing procedure, we found that
both hand-reared and wild-caught black-capped chickadees encoded geometric information, even in the presence of a salient
landmark. Some, but not all, mountain chickadees also encoded geometric information. Overall, our results suggest that use
of geometric information may be a less preferred strategy for mountain chickadees than for either wild-caught or hand-reared
black-capped chickadees. To our knowledge, this is the first direct interspecies comparison of use of geometric information
in a spatial orientation task. 相似文献
803.
804.
首先对143名11岁儿童进行认知风格测验,从中选取反省型和冲动型认知风格儿童各30名,采用序列学习研究范式,对其内隐学习进行了实验研究,结果表明:(1)虽然冲动型儿童序列学习的反应时显著低于反省型儿童,但采用“比例测量法”的方差分析两组被试无显著差异。(2)采用“对立法”对包含和排除的生成成绩进行方差分析,无论反省型儿童还是冲动型儿童,其包含和排除成绩均没有显著差异,而且成绩均在几率水平以下。说明两种认知风格儿童的序列学习没有差异,且都具有内隐性。 相似文献
805.
内隐序列学习与注意的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
内隐序列学习与注意的关系是内隐学习研究领域中的一个热点问题。“双注意机制”理论、“抑制表达”理论和“干扰外显学习成分”理论,从不同的角度阐释了内隐序列学习与注意的关系,但支持证据和反对意见并存,论争激烈。该文试图在一定程度上整合这三种理论,提出了“动态需求”假设,认为内隐序列学习任务对注意的需求是动态变化的,随着内隐序列学习任务中外显学习成分比重的变大,其对注意资源的需求也会随之增加 相似文献
806.
人工语法范式下内隐学习的脑机制及其教育启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工语法范式是研究内隐学习实验的重要范式。利用脑成像技术的研究发现:人工语法范式下内隐学习发生时,额叶、枕叶、顶叶以及基底神经节与内隐学习有密切关系。该结果对当前教育教学产生一定启示,即教师要多给学生创造知识迁移的机会;培养学生的动手实践活动;重视学习过程中内隐学习与外显学习的先后顺序和有序结合。 相似文献
807.
When animals show both frequent innovation and fast social learning, new behaviours can spread more rapidly through populations
and potentially increase rates of natural selection and speciation, as proposed by A.C. Wilson in his behavioural drive hypothesis.
Comparative work on primates suggests that more innovative species also show more social learning. In this study, we look
at intra-specific variation in innovation and social learning in captive wild-caught pigeons. Performances on an innovative
problem-solving task and a social learning task are positively correlated in 42 individuals. The correlation remains significant
when the effects of neophobia on the two abilities are removed. Neither sex nor dominance rank are associated with performance
on the two tasks. Free-flying flocks of urban pigeons are able to solve the innovative food-finding problem used on captive
birds, demonstrating it is within the range of their natural capacities. Taken together with the comparative literature, the
positive correlation between innovation and social learning suggests that the two abilities are not traded-off. 相似文献
808.
学习判断是元认知判断的一种重要形式,是个体对随后的记忆成绩的预测。当个体在多次学习-测验任务中学习词对时,学习判断出现了练习伴随低估效应。研究者对此进行了大量的实验并提出了多种理论,如线索应用模型,提取流畅性假说和基点-校正假说。但是,Koriat等人通过分析发现练习伴随低估效应可能不是单一因素作用的结果,而是多种效应共同影响作用的表现,并由此提出了记忆去偏差假说。文章指出了目前研究中还存在的问题以及未来研究的方向 相似文献
809.
初二学生解几何应用题策略类型的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用作品分析法对60份初二优秀生、中等生、差生的第一学期数学期中考试卷进行分析,发现初二不同学习水平学生解数学应用题时表现出不同的解题策略类型:优秀生的解题策略属于“俯瞰型”;中等生的解题策略属于“经验型”;差生的解题策略属于“盲试型”。 相似文献
810.
以501名参加过CET4的非英语专业大学生为研究对象,通过英语自我效能感问卷(ESEQ)、英语学习焦虑量表(ELAS)和英语学习策略量表(ELSI)的测量,探讨CET4成绩与其主要影响因素性别、英语自我效能感、英语学习焦虑和英语学习策略之间的结构关系模型。结果显示:(1)非英语专业大学生的英语学习焦虑存在显著的性别差异(女生低于男生);(2)性别除与英语学习策略不存在直接路径作用外,与CET4成绩、英语自我效能感、英语学习焦虑间均存在直接路径作用;(3)英语学习焦虑对CET4成绩既存在直接路径作用,又通过英语自我效能感、英语学习策略和英语自我效能感的中介产生问接路径作用;(4)英语学习策略仅通过英语自我效能感的中介对CET4成绩产生间接路径作用。研究还表明英语自我效能感在CET4成绩影响因素的结构模型中起着瓶颈作用。 相似文献