Will recalling a purchase increase your well‐being? The sequential mediating roles of postpurchase sharing and relatedness need satisfaction

To shed light on the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between purchase type and well‐being (including hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being), this study explored the mediating roles of both postpurchase sharing and relatedness need satisfaction in a Chinese sample. In the current study, participants were required to recall an impressive past purchase and report the level of postpurchase sharing, relatedness need satisfaction, and well‐being experienced after the purchase. The results indicated that (a) participants in the experiential purchase group reported higher levels of both hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being than did those in the material purchase group, and (b) postpurchase sharing and relatedness need satisfaction sequentially mediated the relationship between purchase type and well‐being. Specifically, individuals were more willing to share with others after experiential purchases than after material ones. Therefore, in turn, they experienced higher levels of relatedness need satisfaction, which was conducive to higher levels of both hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being.     

农耕-游牧文化下风险偏好的差异：证据与分析框架

个体风险偏好是决策心理学的主要关注点之一, 其差异受个体因素及文化的影响。已有研究主要围绕集体主义-个体主义的文化分类研究个体风险偏好差异, 忽略了物质文化的影响。生态决策及社会生态研究者认为, 生态环境通过塑造物质文化(例如生存策略)影响个体经济偏好。基于对以往文献的分析发现, 不同生存策略主导的两大文化(农耕和游牧)对个体的风险偏好有不同影响, 属于农耕文化的个体更厌恶风险, 而属于游牧文化的个体具有更高的风险偏好。由于现有研究的局限和不足, 该推论值得进一步的因果研究证实。     

The Astounding Assumption of Infinite Life

The multimillennial philosophical discussion about life after death has received a recent boost in the prospect of immortality attained via technologies. In this newer version, humans generally are considered mortal but may develop means of making themselves immortal. If “immortal” means not mortal, thus existing for infinity, and if the proposed infinite‐existing entity is material, it must inhabit an infinite material universe. If the proposed entity is not material, there must be means by which it can shed its material substance and exist nonmaterially. The article examines arguments for how an infinite life would be possible given current physical understanding. The paper considers a Pascalian‐style wager weighing the likelihood of adjusting to existence wholly within a finite universe versus betting on there being some way to construe the universe(s) as a viable medium for infinite beings. Conclusion: the case for a finite being to exist infinitely has little viable support.     

情绪诱发方法述评

对被试的情绪进行实验诱发已经成为情绪研究的标准方法之一。对情绪材料诱发法(图片诱发法、音乐诱发法、气味诱发法)和情绪性情境诱发法(电脑游戏诱发、博弈游戏诱发和表情/姿势反馈诱发)进行了详细阐述, 并对被试个体差异等情绪诱发的影响因素进行了分析。最后, 在总结和评价现有自豪诱发技术的基础上, 对虚拟竞赛这一经过改良的自豪诱发方法做了简要的介绍。     

物质主义价值观、金钱态度与薪酬满意度的关系研究

运用问卷调查法探讨了物质主义价值观、金钱态度与薪酬满意度的关系。对329名社会人员（男149,女178）的调查结果表明：（1）物质主义价值观、金钱态度对薪酬满意度具有显著的预测作用;（2）金钱态度在物质主义价值观与薪酬满意度之间起调节作用。     

So That He Might Fill All Things: Comprehending the Cosmic Love of Christ

What does Jesus Christ have to do with the starry skies above and the good earth under our feet? Although theological discussions of cosmic and ecological issues have often been developed in dialogue with the natural sciences, “cosmic christology” is itself intrinsically a theological theme. In response to the cosmic vision of Ephesians, this paper explores the contributions of two contemporary theologians who have developed cosmic christologies, Colin Gunton and Jürgen Moltmann, and then seeks to build critically on their achievements by reclaiming Luther's ubiquity christology and by calling upon the Johannine witness to Christ as the light and the shepherd of the cosmos.     

Teleology for the Perplexed: How Matter Began to Matter

Lacking a plausible model for the emergence of telos (purposive, representational, and evaluative relationships, as in life and consciousness) from simple material and energetic processes, the sciences operate as though all teleological relationships are physically epiphenomenal. Alternatively, in religion and the humanities it is assumed either that telos influences the material world from an outside or transcendental source or that it is a fundamental and ineffable property of things. We argue that a scientifically sound and intuitively plausible model for the physical emergence of teleological dynamics is now realizable. A methodology for formulating such a model and an exemplar case—the autocell—are presented. An autocell is an autocatalytic set of molecules that produce one another and also produce molecules that spontaneously accrete to form a hollow container, analogous to the way virus capsules form. The molecular capsules that result will spontaneously enclose some of the nearby molecules of the autocatalytic set, keeping them together so that when the autocell is broken open autocatalysis will resume. Autocells are thus self-reconstituting, self-reproducing, and minimally evolvable. They are not living and yet have necessary precursor attributes to telos, including individuality, functional interdependence of parts, end-directedness, a minimal form of representation, and a normative (evaluational) relationship to different environmental properties. The autocell thus serves as a missing link between inanimate (nonlife) and animate (living) phenomena. We conclude by discussing the challenges that a natural origin for telos poses for religious thought.     

Tarski on “essentially richer” metalanguages

It is well known that Tarski proved a result which can be stated roughly as: no sufficiently rich, consistent, classical language can contain its own truth definition. Tarski's way around this problem is to deal with two languages at a time, an object language for which we are defining truth and a metalanguage in which the definition occurs. An obvious question then is: under what conditions can we construct a definition of truth for a given object language. Tarski claims that it is necessary and sufficient that the metalanguage be essentially richer. Our contention, put bluntly, is that this claim deserves more scrutiny from philosophers than it usually gets and in fact is false unless essentially richer means nothing else than sufficient to contain a truth definition for the object language.     

意义程度不同的对偶材料迁移效果的实验研究

通过两个对偶学习实验探讨了对偶材料的意义性对两种类型的迁移效果的影响 ,即刺激相同、反应不同的迁移类型和刺激不同、反应相同的迁移类型。从广州华南师范大学低年级随机选出 5 6名大学生 ,采取组内设计 ,自变量分无意义词对、抽象词对、具体词对三种水平 ;要求每名被试依次完成三种水平全部学习。依据前后学习成绩之差 ,考察三种水平下迁移效果的变化。结果表明 :当对偶材料意义性逐渐增大时 ,在刺激相同、反应不同的条件下 ,产生负迁移的程度逐渐增大 ;在刺激不同、反应相同的条件下 ,产生迁移的效果不受影响。     

Age of acquisition predicts rate of lexical evolution

The processes taking place during language acquisition are proposed to influence language evolution. However, evidence demonstrating the link between language learning and language evolution is, at best, indirect, constituting studies of laboratory-based artificial language learning studies or computational simulations of diachronic change. In the current study, a direct link between acquisition and evolution is established, showing that for two hundred fundamental vocabulary items, the age at which words are acquired is a predictor of the rate at which they have changed in studies of language evolution. Early-acquired words are more salient and easier to process than late-acquired words, and these early-acquired words are also more stably represented within the community’s language. Analysing the properties of these early-acquired words potentially provides insight into the origins of communication, highlighting features of words that have been ultra-conserved in language.