To do or to have? Exploring the effects of social exclusion on experiential and material purchases

Social exclusion is widespread in our modern society. In the context of marketing, consumers who are excluded will choose specific products to mitigate the negative consequences of exclusion. This research examined the effect of social exclusion on consumer preferences. Three experimental studies were conducted to test whether consumers experiencing social exclusion would choose specific kinds of purchases. The results of the three studies provided convergent support for the notion that consumers who feel socially excluded exhibit a preference for experiential purchases over material purchases. It therefore appears that experiential purchases can more effectively compensate for the relational needs caused by social exclusion. The effect was stronger for socially excluded individuals exhibiting more interdependent self‐construal than for those exhibiting a more independent self‐construal. These results indicate that social impact is an antecedent of experiential purchases, and they shed light on an important mechanism to alleviate the negative effects of social exclusion.     

材料因素对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响

通过三个实验考察材料特有的内在因素差异对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响,选取814名的高一学生作为被试,男女各半。实验一是探讨性质不同的孤立项目对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响;实验二是探讨层次差异不同的同质项目对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响;实验三是探讨孤立项目的序列位置对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响。结果表明:在不同材料中,材料的性质的差异越大,孤立效应越显著,证明了孤立材料的距离效应;在同质材料中,材料内部层次差异越大,孤立效应越显著,证明了孤立材料的幅度效应;在学习判断中,不管孤立项目的序列位置处于前位还是后位,都存在孤立效应,且材料中孤立项目的位置越靠后面,其孤立效应就越明显,证明了孤立材料的后位效应。     

Different types—Different rights

Drawing on a social construction theory of ownership in biological material this paper discusses which differences in biological material might motivate differences in treatment and ownership rights. The analysis covers both the perspective of the person from whom the material originates and that of the potential recipient. Seven components of bundles of rights, drawing on the analytical tradition of Tony Honoré, and their relationship to various types of biological material are investigated. To exemplify these categories the cases of a heart, a kidney, stem cells and hair are used.     

材料呈现方式、维度数量对小学生分类活动影响的眼动研究

使用ASL-504型眼动仪,采用2×2的被试问设计,对46名智力、视力均正常的小学生在两种材料呈现方式下．对维度不同的2套图片材料的分类结果和分类过程中的主要跟动指标加以考察。结果表明：（1）材料呈现方式和维度交互影响着小学生的分类结果;（2）小学生分类结果是否存在显著的材料呈现方式与维度差异．与他们在分类过程中的兴趣区数、注视时间、注视次数、注视频率、注视点持续时间等跟动指标存在着一定的关系。     

阅读材料类型和难度对五年级儿童阅读策略的影响

以34名五年级儿童为被试,采用出声思维法考查了阅读材料类型和难度对儿童阅读策略使用情况的影响。结果发现,被试在记叙文阅读过程中使用的阅读策略种类数和总次数均多于说明文。阅读材料难度对于阅读策略种类数和使用次数没有影响。阅读材料类型和难度都对多个阅读策略的使用次数有影响,但是阅读材料类型和难度对于各阅读策略使用次数的影响并不一致。     

So That He Might Fill All Things: Comprehending the Cosmic Love of Christ

What does Jesus Christ have to do with the starry skies above and the good earth under our feet? Although theological discussions of cosmic and ecological issues have often been developed in dialogue with the natural sciences, “cosmic christology” is itself intrinsically a theological theme. In response to the cosmic vision of Ephesians, this paper explores the contributions of two contemporary theologians who have developed cosmic christologies, Colin Gunton and Jürgen Moltmann, and then seeks to build critically on their achievements by reclaiming Luther's ubiquity christology and by calling upon the Johannine witness to Christ as the light and the shepherd of the cosmos.     

Objecting (to) Infrastructure: Ecopolitics at the Ukrainian Ends of the Danube

Abstract

In southern Ukraine, two hydraulic infrastructures continue to exist despite environmentalist campaigns that have exposed them as fragile, broken, or unprofitable. The Danube–Dnister Irrigation Project, a Soviet mega-project that diverted water from the Danube and turned the Sasyk estuary into a reservoir, receives state funding despite a 1994 ban on its use for irrigation. The Bystre Shipping Canal, built in 2004 despite domestic and international opposition, is losing money but continues to operate. These cases exemplify the material politics of infrastructuring in which infrastructure is understood as an antagonistic process of assembling networks of humans and nonhumans rather than a fixed facility. This approach helps explain how the confluence of unruly coastal matters and the politics of expertise have facilitated the re-embedding of these shipping and irrigation infrastructures’ in bureaucratic networks. These cases show that obduracy and fragility, as well as visibility and invisibility—conditions that figure prominently in infrastructure studies—should be considered in terms of oscillation rather than as ontologically distinct or static conditions. This analysis highlights the limits of the modernist search for scientific certainty in resolving environmental conflicts in Ukraine, and some possibilities to experiment politically with new decision-making procedures. This account can thus point beyond reform impulses that re-enact modernist narratives of progress within a strict nature-society divide.     

A new allotropic structure of silver nanocrystals nucleated and grown over planar polymer molecules

Polymer molecules of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) serve as a good Ag⁺?→?Ag⁰ reducer as well as a template to produce Ag⁰ nanocrystals of anisotropic shapes. Thin Ag–PVA films (50–100?µm thick) were prepared by carrying out the reaction in aqueous PVA (under heating conditions) and then spin casting the sample in this shape. A topotactic Ag⁺?→?Ag⁰ reaction and in-situ Ag⁰ growth occur in support over the PVA molecules (as per the local structure and Ag⁰–PVA interactions) of elongated surfaces. The Ag⁰ state is confirmed with 3d _5/2 and 3d _3/2 XPS signals of 368.37 and 374.13?eV binding energies, respectively. As analyzed with X-ray diffraction, it is a new allotrope with an orthorhombic structure, lattice parameters a?=?0.8535, b?=?0.8410?nm and c?=?0.4119?nm, and density ρ?=?9.69?g?cm^?3. On heating in air, the well-known cubic structure develops, a?=?0.4082?nm (ρ?=?10.53?g?cm^?3) after 150°C, whereas a?=?0.4071?nm (ρ?= 10.61?g?cm^?3) after 300°C for 2?h. According to proposed models, it is a vacancy-stabilized allotrope, which evolves from multiply twinned particles.     

Nd2O3 : Eu3+ nanocrystalline phosphor–a new potential thermoluminescing material for dosimetry

Nanoparticles of trivalent Eu³⁺-doped Nd₂O₃ phosphors have been prepared using a low-temperature solution combustion method with metal nitrate as precursor and oxalyldihydrazide as a fuel at a fairly low temperature (<500°C) and in a very short time (<5 min). A powder X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that cubic Nd₂O₃ : Eu³⁺ crystallites are directly obtained without the requirement of further calcinations. The crystallite size, evaluated from Scherer's formula, was found to be in the range of 20–30 nm. The microstructure and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy, which showed the phosphor to be foamy and fluffy in nature. Thermoluminescence characteristics of the Nd₂O₃ : Eu³⁺ have been studied using gamma irradiation. These demonstrate that the phosphor is suitable for use as a dosimeter.     

Nanocracks at grain boundaries in nanocrystalline materials

A theoretical model is proposed to describe the generation and evolution of nanoscale cracks (nanocracks) in strained nanocrystalline materials. In the framework of the model, the nanocracks are nucleated and grow along grain boundaries, changing the direction of their growth at triple junctions.