《Human movement science》2019

In balance perturbations that elicit backwards reactive steps, body configuration at stepping contact is related to likelihood of balance recovery. However, less is known about the relationship between body configuration (at stepping contact) and underlying centre of mass (COM) dynamics during dynamic perturbations requiring a forward reactive step. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study was to characterize the potential relationships between body configuration and COM displacement during simulated trips. Towards determining the robustness of these relationships, trips were simulated in both baseline and increased passive joint stiffness conditions. Sixteen healthy adults participated in this study. Trips were simulated using a tether release paradigm where participants were suddenly released, necessitating a forward step (onto a force plate) to recover their balance. Trials were performed in a baseline unconstrained condition, and in a ‘corset’ condition to increase passive stiffness of the trunk and hips. In all trials, whole body kinematics and kinetics were collected. Multiple linear regression models were run to assess the relationship of body angles to COM displacement in both the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) planes. Regression models showed a significant association of sagittal plane body configuration to both COM displacement at stepping contact and maximum COM displacement in the AP plane. Across models, the strongest predictor was the trail leg angle. Associations were stronger in the increased passive stiffness condition (average R² = 0.366) compared to the baseline condition (average R² = 0.266). Poor association of body configuration to COM displacement was found in the ML plane. The significant associations observed between body configuration and COM dynamics in simulated trips supports the potential downstream application of these models in identifying individuals with impaired balance control and increased fall risk.  相似文献   

    

Junya Masumoto  Nobuyuki Inui 《Journal of motor behavior》2019,51(1):59-67

The present study tested the hypothesis that a load perturbation facilitates interpersonal compensation for force error. Ten groups performed both control and perturbation conditions. In the control condition, a target discrete peak force was the sum of 10% of the maximum voluntary contraction produced by two participants. In the perturbation condition, two cooperative participants a and b produced the same target force as the control condition, and the force produced by a non-cooperative participant c increased or decreased the total forces produced by participants a and b. The load perturbation facilitated interpersonal compensation for force error but negatively affected performance during joint action. The participants further learned to improve the error compensation over experimental blocks in the perturbation condition.  相似文献   

    

Nick Hopkins  Stephen Reicher  Clifford Stevenson  Kavita Pandey  Shail Shankar  Shruti Tewari 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(6):1283-1297

Social identity research on crowds demonstrates how cognitive self-definition as a crowd member results in conformity to identity-relevant norms. Rather less research has addressed the social-relational changes within a crowd and how these impact collective experience positively. The present study investigates these processes at a month-long mass gathering in India. Analysis of 37 interviews with participants attending the annual Magh Mela pilgrimage evidences the concept of shared identity as underpinning their understanding of this mass gathering. Moreover, a theoretically derived thematic analysis of these interviews shows the value of the analytic concepts of recognition, validation, and solidarity in illuminating the ways in which social relations in the crowd were experienced and contributed to the experience of the event. Through exploring the multi-dimensional nature of relational connectedness in crowds we contribute to an understanding of crowd experience and group processes.  相似文献   

    

María Teresa Dávila 《The Journal of religious ethics》2017,45(4):761-792

The broad fields of ethical reflection on racialization, racial justice, black liberation theology, and queer theology of color must come to terms with the year 2016, which can be framed on one side with the Black Lives Matter movement, and on the other side with a presidential election cycle in which racism and racial justice played particularly salient roles. Against this backdrop, this book discussion looks at recent literature on racial justice asking three questions. How does historical consciousness shape contemporary ethical thought on racial justice? In what ways do the intersectionalities of gender and sexuality, immigration and transnationality, class, and contemporary culture present particular challenges and new possibilities? And how do the ethical frameworks of religious traditions contribute to the development of public theology for racial justice? The conclusion considers how religious ethics concerned with racial justice does harm or contributes to religiously grounded responses to racial injustice. Reflection on these questions points to the need for ongoing engagement with the black experience—broadly construed and within the context of multiple intersections—in the United States and globally in ethical analysis. However, this in turn makes particular and critical demands on how it is that we are to both teach and read religious ethics and political theology at our institutions, as well as in the churches.  相似文献   

    

Frank Summers 《International Forum of Psychoanalysis》2017,26(3):186-192

Abstract

The USA has been a changed society since 9/11: the Zeitgeist either has a background of low-level angst, or when an attack occurs or a threat is sounded, the fear peaks and comes to the foreground for a time. Perhaps nothing demonstrates the degree to which fear permeates contemporary culture more than the continual presence of the measures the USA takes to be safe: airport security, the Patriot Act, the mining of formerly private information by the government, to name but a few. Can we account for the pervasive nature of fear solely by the devastating and deadly attacks 15 years ago, unspeakably horrifying though they were? This paper will explore this omnipresent fear in contemporary American culture from a psychoanalytic perspective, and in so doing hopes to shed light on the nature of that fear, why it is so persistent despite 15 years without any sequels, and what the consequences of that fear are for the American way of life. The discussion will be rounded out by linking this pervasive fear to the violence that is endemic to our age.  相似文献   

    

Derek Hook 《Psychodynamic Practice》2013,19(2):128-143

How are we to understand the phenomenon of mass identification, epitomised in recent exhibitions of national feeling such as that of South Africa’s 2010 Football World Cup celebrations? Rather than focusing on the concepts of discourse and nationalism, or advancing an analysis of empirical data, this paper outlines a conceptual response to the challenge at hand, drawing on the tools of psychoanalytic theory. Three explanatory perspectives come to the fore. Firstly, such exhibitions of mass emotion might be understood as demonstrations of love, as examples of the libidinal ties that constitute and consolidate mass identification. Secondly, the marked artificiality of such displays of emotion and the fact of the ‘externality’ they entail might be seen, paradoxically, to be essential rather than inauthentic or secondary features of the displays in question. Thirdly, we might advance, via Lacan, that many of our most powerful emotions require not only recourse to the field of the inter-subjective, but reference also to the anonymous, ‘fictional’ framework of available symbolic forms.  相似文献   

    

Judith Giencke Kimball  Caryn T. Birstler  Erica Franck Bosse  Lisa M. Nelson  Mark R. Woods 《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2013,29(1):72-87

The purpose of the authors in this study is to explore the possible relationships among sensory processing styles, possible sensory processing disorders, personality traits, and body mass index. There is research on the relationship between obesity as defined by body mass index and temperament, and sensory processing and temperament; however, no information could be found on the relationship between body mass index and sensory processing styles, or the role that temperament and personality styles may play in these relationships. The 50 female participants were recruited from the University of New England community. The sample included women between the ages of 19 and 59 years, and of various weights. None of the participants had a history of thyroid problems, diabetes, or any physical disabilities that would limit daily physical activity. None had been diagnosed with sensory processing disorder. All participants filled out two self-reports and a demographic questionnaire. The Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile (Brown &; Dunn, 2002 Brown , C. E. , &; Dunn , W. ( 2002 ). Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile . San Antonio , TX : The Psychological Corporation . [Google Scholar]) determines a person's sensory processing style and possible sensory processing disorder, and the Basic Personality Inventory (Jackson, 1996 Jackson , D. N. ( 1996 ). Basic Personality Inventory Manual , (2nd ed.) . Port Huron , MI : Sigma Assessment  [Google Scholar]) focuses on everyday behaviors to describe temperament and “adult behavioral syndromes” (p. 5). Through this study the authors show only tentative relationships between body mass index and sensory processing styles and personality traits. The data could be interpreted to support both discriminant and convergent validity between the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile and the Basic Personality Inventory. There were, however, significant correlations between aspects of sensory processing and aspects of personality that appeared to strengthen the idea that differences in sensory processing result in predictable types of behavior, indicating that sensory processing disorders are a separate diagnostic category.  相似文献   

    

Christopher J. Ferguson  Shawn Smith  Heather Miller-Stratton  Stacey Fritz  Emily Heinrich 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(1):118-132

Many laboratory studies of aggression use a measure known as the modified Taylor Competitive Reaction Time Test (TCRTT), for which validation studies are lacking. Using sound blasts administered by the participant against a fictional human opponent, the TCRTT also allows for multiple methods of measuring aggression. The validity of the TCRTT was tested in 53 college student participants. Participants took a self-report measure of aggressiveness as well as neuropsychological measures of frontal lobe functioning predictive of aggression. Results were not supportive of the TCRTT's validity and indicated concerns regarding the use of the TCRTT as a measure of aggression. Results suggest that labaratory studies of media violence using the TCRTT are of questionable validity.  相似文献   

    

Christopher J. Ferguson  James D. Ivory  Kevin M. Beaver 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(5):447-460

The catalyst model suggests that adult criminality arises from the interaction of genetic and proximal social influences such as family influences, but that distal social influences such as media exposure have only negligible influence. This article uses data from a 13-year longitudinal study of adolescent health to examine the catalyst model. As expected by the catalyst model, adult criminality was best explained by a confluence of genetic and proximal social risk factors. The influence of media exposure on adult criminality was negligible. Implications of these findings for both theory and policy are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Michael Moynagh  Richard Worsley 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2002,1(3):293-301

What are the prospects for consumerism? Often despised as self‐indulgent, consumers are frequently motivated by altruism and their needs to express their identity, to build relationships, to obtain fulfilment and even to find a substitute for religion. Mass‐customisation is producing fundamental change, revolutionising attitudes to choice, with a key role for agents (human and online) in helping people choose. Consumer power will grow and brands will be under pressure from rising consumer expectations. While retailers fight back with targeted marketing and special offers, brands will need to serve consumer needs as much as suppliers. Online shopping could transform consumer behaviour, driven by cost saving and convenience and spurred on by competition. Will retailers protect their traditional channels or go online because they are afraid not to? ‘Etailing’ will need to create consumer trust, so regulation will be critical, possibly leading to legal responsibilities for quality on Internet service providers (ISPs) and portals and with systems to help new entrants build a track record of reliability, thereby increasing competition, choice and consumer power. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.  相似文献