调节模式理论：自我调节领域的新进展

作为Higgins自我调节理论体系的重要组成部分,调节模式理论认为自我调节包括运动和评估两种模式,两者分别关注状态的改变和最佳方案的获得。本文分析了两种调节模式的特点并介绍了其测量及诱导方法,概括了调节模式对基本心理现象的影响以及调节匹配效应有关的研究,并对新近进展进行了介绍。未来研究尚可针对调节模式的形成、多元化测量工具及诱发范式的开发、及其对反事实思维等特定心理现象的影响等问题作更深入探讨。     

Corporate sponsorships may hurt nonprofits: Understanding their effects on charitable giving

While prior research suggests that corporate sponsorship can positively affect consumers' perceptions of sponsors, little research to date has investigated the impact of such sponsorships on an individual's willingness to support nonprofits. This paper investigates the psychological processes that underlie whether and how corporate sponsorship impacts an individual's willingness to support nonprofit organizations and suggests that unintended negative outcomes may emerge. Specifically, results from five studies suggest that exposure to sponsorship information can reduce prospective donors' willingness to support a nonprofit because people believe that their individual contributions will matter less. In addition, this research identifies a potential mechanism (i.e., donor-company identification) that can mitigate these negative effects.     

Editorial to the special issue Neuronus

Did you visit the Neuronus conferences in the years 2012 and 2013 in Kraków? If not, then you certainly should have a close examination of this special issue including this introduction to at least have a glimpse of an idea of the highly interesting topics in the field of cognitive neuroscience that were presented at these conferences. If you were there, it is for sure a good choice to focus on this special issue as well, first to refresh your minds (we know our memories are far from perfect), but especially to see what happened with research of the presenters at these conferences.     

The Endowment—Institutional Affinity Effect

The endowment effect occurs when ownership of a good leads consumers to value the good more than its market value. Students who were given College of Business Administration insignia mugs to keep valued them significantly more than students who were given the same mugs to examine and return (nonendowment condition). The endowment effect also occurred for plain white mugs. Students who were given plain white mugs to keep valued them more than students who were given the same mugs to examine and return. Ownership of insignia mugs not only resulted in the endowment effect but also resulted in an institutional affinity effect: Students provided higher satisfaction ratings with the College of Business Administration than did students endowed with plain white mugs and students in nonendowed conditions. This study demonstrates the impact of the endowment effect on institutional affinity for insignia goods. However, the tandem endowment-affinity effect occurs at the attitude formation stage, not when an attitude has already been formed.     

Masked constituent letter priming in an alphabetic decision task

Abstract

The experiments presented here were designed to test whether the prior presentation of a letter in a word, nonword or a string of Xs facilitates the subsequent identification of this letter. Using briefly presented masked primes, clear facilitatory constituent priming effects were obtained in an alphabetic decision task (letter/non-letter classification) when prime letters were flanked by Xs, but the effects disappeared or were greatly reduced when the prime letter formed part of a consonant array (nonword primes). Evidence for word-letter constituent priming was also obtained but almost only for word-initial letten. These facilitatory constituent priming effects were strongest when the target letter was embedded in a string of hash marks and occupied the same relative position in this string as the prime letter in the prime string. The mediating role of letter representations in word recognition and the position-specific coding of character arrays are discussed in the light of these results.     

我国医疗失效模式与效应分析的应用现状及问题

医疗失效模式与效应分析（HFMEA）是目前较为先进的前瞻性预防医疗风险的方法,强调对整个流程潜在医疗风险的量化及“事前预防”。本研究通过文献计量分析发现,国内HFMEA的研究和应用主要集中在护理操作、手术操作、给药流程以及医疗设备管理等方面,尚处于起步阶段,研究论文的数量较少、研究主题多集中在护理风险管理领域且研究方法不够科学。今后应顺应医疗风险管理的趋势,更科学、有效地开展更多HFMEA研究及应用工作,逐步建立健全医疗风险监测和预警机制,提高医疗安全。     

Seeing the world through GREEN‐tinted glasses: Green consumption values and responses to environmentally friendly products

The primary goal of this research is to conceptualize and develop a scale of green consumption values, which we define as the tendency to express the value of environmental protection through one's purchases and consumption behaviors. Across six studies, we demonstrate that the six-item measure we develop (i.e., the GREEN scale) can be used to capture green consumption values in a reliable, valid, and parsimonious manner. We further theorize and empirically demonstrate that green consumption values are part of a larger nomological network associated with conservation of not just environmental resources but also personal financial and physical resources. Finally, we demonstrate that the GREEN scale predicts consumer preference for environmentally friendly products. In doing so, we demonstrate that stronger green consumption values increase preference for environmentally friendly products through more favorable evaluations of the non-environmental attributes of these products. These results have important implications for consumer responses to the growing number of environmentally friendly products.     

图式心理疗法的新观察

从图式心理疗法发展历程的角度探讨其起源与发展,对图式概念的提出以及早期适应不良图式和应对方式进行梳理,凸显了图式疗法的优势与传统逻辑。深入探讨简化的图式疗法——模式模型,突出模式模型是一个或多个激活的图式与相关应对方式的组合。强调模式模型的治疗机制包括了儿童模式、内在批评模式、适应不良的应对模式和健康成人模式四种模式,它们之间互相联系、互相影响。通过对现有案例及学术研究成果的梳理,证明模式模型治疗对各种精神障碍的有效性,且在国内的心理学治疗方面有较好的应用前景,应得到更多的重视、推广和应用。     

数目及其呈现方式在不同范围内对时间知觉的影响

采用时间比较法,考察数目及其呈现方式对时间知觉的影响。任务中,首先呈现标准时距,此时变化刺激的数目或呈现方式,然后呈现比较时距,被试的任务是判断比较时距比标准时距长还是短。实验1和实验2分别采用1秒内和1秒以上的时间,结果发现： 1秒内的时间加工中,刺激一个一个连续呈现时,小数引起标准时距的低估,大数导致标准时距的高估,而同时呈现时,刺激的数目对知觉到的时间无影响;数目及其呈现方式影响计时的准确性,而对计时的变异性和敏感性无影响。时间在1秒以上,同时呈现和连续呈现条件下,刺激的数目影响知觉到的时间;计时的     

Influence of mode of deformation on microstructural heterogeneities in Ni subjected to large strain deformation

In the present work, the effect of deformation mode (uniaxial compression, rolling and torsion) on the microstructural heterogeneities in a commercial purity Ni is reported. For a given equivalent von Mises strain, samples subjected to torsion have shown higher fraction of high-angle boundaries, kernel average misorientation and recrystallization nuclei when compared to uniaxially compressed and rolled samples. This is attributed to the differences in the slip system activity under different modes of deformation.