《周易参同契》的丹道易学

魏伯阳的《周易参同契》运用西汉及东汉早期的象数易学 ,通过观象、立卦、“拟诸其形容” ,使无形的不易感触的微观的运动 ,摆脱感观的局限而诉诸于形容 ,将丹道与易道结合 ,以推阐还丹之理 ,使丹术得以升华 ,同时又引导道教完成了由外丹向内丹的转化。正是《参同契》的丹术对《周易》原理的精妙运用 ,使它通过神仙方术和炼丹术的形式 ,接续了中国文化所固有的传统理念 ,承转了中国文化的慧命 ,故而使《周易参同契》在中国道教史、易学史和科技史上享有崇高的地位     

植入前遗传学诊断中性别选择的伦理辩护

植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）是在胚胎植入子宫前进行遗传学检查的新技术。它可对植入胚胎进行性别选择,从而引发了会增加我国出生人口性别比的担忧。通过对PGD性别选择伦理风险的分析,指出其用于医学需要时不会对性别比造成危害。但在实施过程中需要医生、患者及社会全体人员共同参与,避免该技术用于非医学目的的需要。     

Breast Cancer in Men: A Need for Psychological Intervention

Male breast cancer is a serious issue that needs to be addressed more fully by the medical and public community. However, due to a lack of awareness and limited research on the topic, there is a general absence of knowledge concerning the psychological implications of this disease in men as well as a need for greater understanding of the medical diagnosis and treatment of male breast carcinoma. Similarly, there still remains a considerable gender difference between the awareness of female breast cancer and male breast cancer Although breast cancer in men makes up only 1% of all breast cancers reported in the United States, it is increasing in incidence. There are approximately 2000 new cases and approximately 450 deaths due to male breast cancer each year. Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in men is very similar to that described in women, however, it has been shown that men are being diagnosed at a later stage of the disease than women.     

成年雄性斑胸草雀高级发声中枢鸣声控制的右侧优势

鸣禽是研究语言功能的动物模型。鸣禽端脑的高级发声中枢(high vocal center, HVC)与人类布洛卡氏区具有功能同源性。利用电损毁与声谱分析相结合的方法, 对成年雄性斑胸草雀两侧HVC分别进行电损毁, 观察HVC控制鸣声的侧别差异。结果表明, 损毁左侧HVC对长鸣和鸣曲的频域和声强特征均无显著性影响。损毁右侧HVC导致长鸣的振幅、调频、幅度调制显著减小(p < 0.05), 鸣曲的振幅、平均频率、峰频率显著减小(p < 0.05)。损毁双侧HVC后均引起鸣曲时域特征的改变, 暗示鸣曲时域特征的编码需要两侧半球鸣唱系统的整合。HVC在控制鸣声频域和声强特征上具有右侧优势, 但对鸣曲时域特征的控制需要两侧HVC的共同参与。     

Impact of exposure to idealised male images on adolescent boys' body image

Research examining the impact on adolescent boys of exposure to muscular, athletic, idealised male images has been limited. This research had two aims (i) to investigate the mean effect on state body satisfaction and mood of exposure to idealised male images in adolescent boys, and, (ii) to identify individual attributes that predicted change in state body satisfaction, depression and anxiety following image exposure. One hundred and six boys (mean age=15.6 years) completed a self-report questionnaire on body image attitudes and psychological status. One week later, participants were divided into two groups, one that viewed idealised male images (experimental condition) while the other viewed non-figure advertising images (control condition). Three body satisfaction Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and a depression and anxiety VAS were completed immediately prior to and following image exposure. In the experimental compared to control condition, there were no significant changes on Want Toned Body, Want to Change Body Shape, Depression and Anxiety VAS following image exposure. However, there was a significant improvement in Like Body Shape VAS. In the experimental group, high internalisation of the muscular, athletic ideal predicted more negative response to viewing images on the body image and Depression VAS. Prior body dissatisfaction significantly predicted negative response to Body Shape Liking and Anxiety VAS. While on average, adolescent boys in this research were not negatively affected by exposure to idealised male images, reaction to exposure is dependent on individual attributes.     

Working with chronic and relentless self‐hatred,self‐harm and existential shame: a clinical study and reflections

This paper is the first of a two‐part series which explores some of the theoretical and experiential reference points that have emerged in my work with people whose relationship to their body and/or sense of self is dominated by self‐hatred and (what Hultberg describes as) existential shame. The first paper focuses on self‐hatred and the second paper focuses on shame. This first paper is structured around vignettes taken from a 14‐year analysis with a woman who was bulimic, self‐harmed and repeatedly described herself as ‘feeling like a piece of shit’. It draws together elements of Jung's concepts of the complex and symbol, and Laplanche's enigmatic signifier to focus on experiences of ‘inner otherness’ around which we are unconsciously organized. It also brings Jung's understanding that emotion is the chief source of consciousness into conversation with Laplanche's approach to the transference which is that by being aware that they do not ‘know’, the analyst provides a ‘hollow’ in which the patient's analytic process can evolve. These combinations of ideas are linked speculatively to emerging understandings of the neuroscience of perception and throughout the paper clinical material is used to illustrate these discussions.     

Male on-campus resident students’ social normative behaviour: Influences on lived social climate by same gender beginning-year university students

This article reports on research on antecedents of first-year male students’ experiences of senior male students’ aggression in residences at a university in South Africa. Fourteen purposefully selected first-year male student residents (black = 14%; coloured = 7%; white = 79%) voluntarily participated. Their ages ranged between 18 and 21 years. Data were on their perceived precursors to aggression and violence that were collected using photo-narratives (written) and photo-narrative-elicitation-interviews. The data were analysed by means of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three themes emerged which indicate that precursors to aggression and violence included physical and verbal aggression in the form of hitting, shoving around, pushing and shouting, swearing, taunting others, and nasty comments. Social aggression involves acts of bullying, exertion of power, modelling dominant behaviour in which perpetrators defend their status, or signal exclusion of others. The survivors experienced pressure to conform to fellow residents’ practices, norms and behaviour in the hope that they would gain acceptance into the in-group.     

Effects of Early Maternal Separation on Subsequent Reproductive and Behavioral Outcomes in Male Rats

To investigate effects of maternal separation on reproductive and behavioral outcomes, male Wistar rats were separated from their mothers daily for 3 hr (maternal separation; MS) or 0 hr (control) from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 14. Timing of puberty, reproductive parameters, hormone levels, and aggressive behaviors in juvenile and adult rats were examined. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of maternal separation on any measure of aggression. However, maternal separation altered peripubertal testosterone secretion and increased mean day of preputial separation. In addition, adult MS males demonstrated less total sexual behavior. There was no difference in sperm counts or testosterone levels at necropsy on PND 56 or in adulthood, but seminal vesicle weights were increased in adult MS rats. These results suggest that early life stress may influence hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis development in males, at least during peripuberty.