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11.
Two new tests for a model for the response times on pure speed tests by Rasch (1960) are proposed. The model is based on the
assumption that the test response times are approximately gamma distributed, with known index parameters and unknown rate
parameters. The rate parameters are decomposed in a subject ability parameter and a test difficulty parameter. By treating
the ability as a gamma distributed random variable, maximum marginal likelihood (MML) estimators for the test difficulty parameters
and the parameters of the ability distribution are easily derived. Also the model tests proposed here pertain to the framework
of MML. Two tests or modification indices are proposed. The first one is focused on the assumption of local stochastic independence,
the second one on the assumption of the test characteristic functions. The tests are based on Lagrange multiplier statistics,
and can therefore be computed using the parameter estimates under the null model. Therefore, model violations for all items
and pairs of items can be assessed as a by-product of one single estimation run. Power studies and applications to real data
are included as numerical examples. 相似文献
12.
The present study investigated the relative extent to which patients' adjustment to chronic low back pain (CLBP) was influenced by their fear-avoidance beliefs, their tendency to catastrophize, and their appraisals of control. Eighty-three CLBP patients completed a series of self-report measures before participating in a physical therapist-led intervention. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that patients' perceptions of their ability to decrease pain explained a small, but statistically significant, proportion of the variance in pain intensity. In addition, patients' levels of catastrophizing, as well as their fear-avoidance beliefs about both work and physical activity, were independently associated with levels of disability. Interestingly, however, when exploring the relative predictive utility of these three psychological factors, it became evident that fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity (FABs-PA) were the only significant predictor of patients' disability. Specifically, those patients who exhibited higher levels of FABs-PA tended to report greater levels of disability, even after adjusting for age, sex and pain intensity. 相似文献
13.
In this study, students worked independently by setting goals, selecting assignments, and recording and evaluating their results after receiving one of two different types of self-management training. During teacher-directed training, the teacher set goals, assigned work, and recorded and evaluated results for students. During student-directed training, students performed those tasks themselves. The results indicated that students engaged in the self-management behaviors more frequently during independent work following student-directed instruction than following teacher-directed instruction. 相似文献
14.
Chris Lovell 《Journal of Adult Development》1999,6(4):195-203
Empathy is both crucial to counseling and a desired outcome in higher education. Since the 1960s, many studies have examined the relationship between stages of adult cognitive development and level of empathy, particularly in counselors. Though positive, findings related to this critical research focus have been grounded in small, local samples, leading several investigators to call for a replication using a large, national sample. In response, this study surveyed 340 graduate student members of a large professional counseling association across the United States. Results indicated that more mature forms of thought (according to the Perry scheme) are associated with higher empathy levels (Hogan scale). Implications are drawn for adult development theory, education of counselors, and higher education reform. 相似文献
15.
选取3063名大学二年级本科生(平均年龄19.76 ± 0.73岁)为被试,考察大学生投入在学习体验(课堂学习体验和课外学习体验)和学习结果(学业成就、共通能力和学习满意度)间的中介作用。结果发现:(1)大学生投入在学习体验和学业成就间起部分中介作用;(2)大学生投入在学习体验和共通能力间起完全中介作用;(3)大学生投入在学习体验和满意度间起部分中介作用。 相似文献
16.
Hartmann Scheiblechner 《Psychometrika》1995,60(2):281-304
The concept of an ordinal instrumental probabilistic comparison is introduced. It relies on an ordinal scale given a priori and on the concept of stochastic dominance. It is used to define a weakly independently ordered system, or isotonic ordinal probabilistic (ISOP) model, which allows the construction of separate sample-free ordinal scales on a set of subjects and a set of items. The ISOP-model is a common nonparametric theoretical structure for unidimensional models for quantitative, ordinal and dichotomous variables.Fundamental theorems on dichotomous and polytomous weakly independently ordered systems are derived. It is shown that the raw score system has the same formal properties as the latent system, and therefore the latter can be tested at the observed empirical level.I wish to thank 3 reviewers and 2 editors who contributed a lot to the readability and precision of the article. 相似文献
17.
为探讨大学生社会排斥对社交焦虑的影响以及负面评价恐惧和人际信任在二者之间的作用机制,研究采用大学生社会排斥问卷(SEQU)、社交焦虑量表(SASSCS)、负面评价恐惧量表(BFNES)及人际信任量表(ITS)对450名大学生进行测试。结果表明:(1)大学生社会排斥不仅对个体的社交焦虑水平产生影响,还会通过负面评价恐惧的中介作用对社交焦虑产生影响;(2)人际信任能够调节大学生社会排斥对社交焦虑的直接作用,具体而言,与高人际信任的大学生相比较,较低人际信任的大学生的社会排斥对社交焦虑的预测作用更加显著。 相似文献
18.
19.
Bicard DF Lott V Mills J Bicard S Baylot-Casey L 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2012,45(1):205-210
This study examined the effects of text messaging class arrival to an academic counselor on the attendance and punctuality of 4 college student athletes. Each participant had a history of class tardiness and was considered to be at risk for academic failure. Class attendance and punctuality improved for all participants. 相似文献
20.
与“我帮你,你帮我”的直接互惠相比,“我帮你,你帮他”的积极广义互惠,促使受助者转变为助人者帮助更多的人。与之相反,“我伤你,你伤他”的消极广义互惠,易导致受害者转变为伤害者波及无辜他人。以往研究未探寻到既能促进积极广义互惠,又能抑制消极广义互惠的因素。采用两阶段独裁者博弈任务范式,通过两项实验发现,共情是一个能够起到扩大积极广义互惠传递效应并削弱消极广义互惠传递效应双重作用的特殊变量,其机制在于自我-他人重叠,支持了自我扩张模型。这一研究为营造良好社会道德氛围,加强公民道德建设,保障公正和谐的社会环境提供了思路。 相似文献