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421.
Abstract Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disorder of uncertain aetiology which attracts increasing research interest. This paper describes the development of a multidimensional measure incorporating the diverse symptoms associated with the illness. The Profile of Fatigue-Related Symptoms (PFRS) has four scales: emotional distress, cognitive difficulty, fatigue and somatic symptoms. These showed good convergence with comparison measures, high reliability and high internal consistency. CFS patients had markedly elevated scores compared with a student comparison group, and these scores correlated with indices of illness severity. The PFRS is a short and easily administered measure which, it is suggested, may be used to assess patients in terms of the severity and pattern of their disorder, to relate subjective symptoms to immunological and other findings, to evaluate the effects of treatments, and to compare the symptomatology of CFS with that in other fatiguing illnesses. 相似文献
422.
Michael E. Hyland 《Psychology & health》2013,28(3):273-287
Abstract The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is controversial: psychological, hypothalamic and immune mechanisms have been proposed as well as the possibility of some form of interaction between these mechanisms. Patients' own conceptual models vary and sometimes adversely affect self-management. This paper suggests an interactional way of conceptualising CFS using developments in complexity theory (networks, parallel processing or connectionism). I propose that the neurological, immune and endocrine systems are pan of a single, self-regulatory, extended brain-body network. Furthermore, that CFS is caused by self-organisational change in this extended network created by normally adaptive error-sensitive learning rules that malfunction when physiological and psychological challenges coincide. This psychoneuroimniunoendocrinological model shows how previously proposed mechanisms could interact to cause CFS. explains the heterogeneity of the presentation of the disease, and provides a conceptual model that may be acceptable to patients but is also consistent with effective self-management. 相似文献
423.
The present article describes the associations between hostility and serum lipids in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients. A sample of 212 male coronary patients was used of which 127 recently suffered a Myocardial Infarction (MI), and 85 had undergone either a Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) or a Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA). Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride concentrations were measured as well as four hostility factors: ‘Negative Affectivity’ (NA), ‘Anger-In’ (AI), ‘Anger-Out’ (AO) and Coping, i.e. behaviors to control feelings of anger and anxiety. The results indicated that the effects of hostility on lipids were mediated by various factors such as body weight in relation to body length (BMI), Socio-Economic Status (SES), Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (LVEF) and Age. In subgroups of highly exhausted patients or of patients scoring high on the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP), however, more direct (unilinear) associations between lipids and hostility were found. The findings of the present study confirm the rather weak association between hostility and blood lipids found elsewhere. Furthermore, a low level of triglycerides was consistently associated with low AO, be it again in interaction with BMI (AO × BMI), both in the group of non-MI patients and in the total sample for those patients who score high on vital exhaustion and/or TABP. This finding provides an extra argument against the popular notion of the healthfulness under all circumstances of anger expression. Until now the exact role of triglycerides as a function of anger/hostility has been under-explored. This issue merits further attention in future research. 相似文献
424.
Emilia I. de la Fuente Luis M. Lozano Eduardo García-Cueto Concepción San Luis Cristina Vargas Gustavo R. Cañadas Guillermo A. Cañadas-De la Fuente Ronald K. Hambleton 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2013,13(3):216-225
The goal of the present study is to develop a questionnaire, with proper psychometric properties and current norms, to evaluate the burnout syndrome in Spain. The operative definition of burnout proposed by Maslach and Jackson is used to define three dimensions (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal accomplishment). A total of 2,403 national Spanish police participated. Evidence of construct validity was checked through cross validation (showing a good fit of the three factors model to the data). Using the MBI, NEO-FII and CECAD evidence of convergent validity and criteria validity were developed (showing that the relations are similar to the ones that appear in other research). The discrimination, mean, standard deviation, and typical error of the average of the items composing the various dimensions were analyzed. Both the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) were calculated for each of the dimensions. The results showed good internal consistency (all α values > .85). Finally, the questionnaire was scaled using T scores. The psychometrical properties reported here support the use of this new questionnaire for the burnout evaluation in Spanish police. 相似文献
425.
Deirdre Dowling 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2013,39(2):307-326
This paper examines the emotional impact of Munchhausen syndrome by proxy on a child aged 6 who had been poisoned by her mother. It describes her treatment in child psychotherapy over twenty months at the Cassel Hospital where the family worked towards her successful rehabilitation home. The work with her showed her experience of dangerous relationships in her family that left her distrustful of any new relationship, and doubtful of her capacity to be close without being destructive. Like her parents, she was terrified of facing the murderous feelings in the family, retreating into denial when life was too painful. The paper describes three phases of treatment: fear of separation and preoccupation with the trauma of poisoning, ambivalence about facing the destructiveness in the family and the move into more appropriate latency behaviour as she prepared to go home with her parents. It concludes with an overview of the impact of Munchhausen syndrome by proxy on the developing child, as shown in this treatment: the delay in emotional and cognitive development, the interference with the capacity to relate, the retreat into illness under stress, and the fear of permanent damage caused by the emotional and physical abuse. 相似文献
426.
Simonetta M.G. Adamo 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2013,39(1):48-60
The paper describes the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a patient who had originally been referred at the age of 15 because of his social isolation. In fact, he suffered from high-functioning Asperger's syndrome and lived in an almost delusional world populated by a number of imaginary companions, which he used to counteract a deep void and sense of deadliness within him. After five years of therapy, the patient was able to move on, allowing him to be successful in his academic studies, and to abandon his imaginary friends. This paper focuses on a subsequent phase of the therapy when the patient, as a young man, began to show an interest in and attraction to the world of intimate relationships. The paper is grounded in Meltzerian theory, especially his ideas about the role of beauty in the mother–child relationship, and about the world of intimate links as opposed to conventional ones. 相似文献
427.
Beth Miller 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2013,39(3):384-399
This paper is an account of the intensive psychotherapy of a young girl on the autistic spectrum. It describes her confusing presentation and how this suggested a tendency to oscillate between mainly unintegrated states of mind. Important themes that emerged included the phantasy of inhabiting a claustrum; the use of adhesive identification to defend against the bodily felt terror of separation; and fear of damage to the maternal object. The paper also discusses the trans-generational aspects of her difficulties and considers how her therapy helped growth to take place. 相似文献
428.
429.
Juliet Hopkins 《Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy》2013,27(2):141-152
Infants are liable to many symptoms of emotional disturbance. However, it is now widely agreed that there is no such thing as individual psychopathology in infancy. Infantile disturbances are considered to be a function of current relationships. The paper briefly summarises available psychodynamic approaches to problems in infant relationships. It argues that more case-studies of therapeutic interventions in infancy are needed to increase our understanding of early disturbances and of their treatment. Two contrasting case-studies of intervention in persistent crying attempt to understand what may sustain this distressing problem. In each case the possible meaning of the crying, both to the babies and to their families, is considered. 相似文献
430.
Carrie E. Bearden Abbas F. Jawad David R. Lynch John R. Monterossso Set Sokol Donna M. McDonald-McGinn 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(1):109-117
The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome) is associated with elevated rates of psychosis, and is also characterized by severe attentional difficulties and executive dysfunction. Behavioral manifestations of this syndrome could result from haploinsufficiency of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, located within the 22q11 region. The goal of the present study was to examine COMT genotype in relation to behavioral symptomatology in this syndrome. Val158/108Met was genotyped in 38 patients (16 Met/-, 22 Val/-) with confirmed 22q11.2 deletions who had received the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as part of a comprehensive evaluation. Results indicated that the Val genotype was associated with significantly greater internalizing and externalizing behavioral symptomatology in children with 22q11.2 deletions. Val allele status was associated with a greater-than-four-fold increase in risk for clinically significant behavior problems in children with this syndrome. These data are consistent with previous findings of increased psychopathology associated with the Val genotype in normal individuals and suggest that a functional genetic polymorphism in the 22q11 region may influence behavior in individuals with COMT haploinsufficiency. 相似文献