Preliminary Evidence for the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents

This meta‐analysis evaluated the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, self‐injury, and suicide risk. Twelve between‐group studies (N = 834) were chosen that met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed small‐to‐medium Hedges's g effect sizes for all 4 symptoms compared with control and alternative treatment groups. However, the small number of effect sizes available for each analysis limited the generalizability of the findings. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Investigating social functioning after early mild TBI: the quality of parent–child interactions

The young brain is particularly vulnerable to injury due to inherent physiological and developmental factors, and even mild forms of traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can sometimes result in cognitive and behavioural difficulties. Despite the high prevalence of paediatric mTBI, little is known of its impact on children's social functioning. Parent–child relationships represent the centre of young children's social environments and are therefore ideal contexts for studying the potential effects of mTBI on children's social functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of parent–child interactions after mTBI using observational assessment methods and parental report. The sample included 130 children (18–60 months at recruitment) divided into three groups: children with uncomplicated mTBI (n = 47), children with orthopaedic injury (OI, n = 27), and non‐injured children (NI, n = 56). The quality of parent–child interactions was assessed 6 months post‐injury using the Mutually Responsive Orientation (MRO) scale, an observational measure which focuses on the dyadic nature of parent–child exchanges, and the Parental Stress Index questionnaire (Parent‐Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI) domain). Significant differences with medium effect sizes were found between the mTBI group and the NI group on the MRO, but not between the OI group and the other two groups. PCDI scores did not differ across groups, suggesting that observational measures may be more sensitive to changes in parent–child interactions after TBI. The current findings have implications for children's post‐injury social development and highlight the importance of monitoring social outcomes even after minor head injuries.     

An exploration of psychological and physical injury schemas in civil cases

Civil plaintiffs often seek compensation for their psychological injuries. Yet little is known about jurors' preconceived notions (or schemas) for a prospective plaintiff's pain and suffering. The present studies examined (a) whether jurors have psychological injury schemas (Studies 1 and 2), (b) whether their existence and development vary by the type of civil case (Studies 1 and 2) or its severity (Study 2), and (c) how psychological injury schemas compare with physical injury schemas on a number of theoretically and legally relevant judgments (e.g., injury severity, availability, and plaintiff credibility; Study 2). Study 1 (N = 233) presented undergraduate mock jurors with 2 negligence incidents (car accident and slip and fall) and 2 intentional tort incidents (sexual assault and kidnapping) and asked them to report the typical incident and injuries that would result from the defendant's conduct. Results supported the sparse existence of psychological injury schemas but found that they were more developed in the kidnapping and sexual assault incidents than in the car accident and slip and fall incidents. Study 2 (N = 288) additionally manipulated incident schema severity (mild vs. severe) while having participants separately report and rate their psychological and physical injury schemas on judgments of legal and theoretical interest. Results indicated that although mock jurors' psychological injury schemas contained fewer injuries than their physical injury schemas, the reported psychological injuries were rated as more severe than physical injuries. We discuss how schemas may underlie the disparate treatment of psychological and physical injuries by legal decision‐makers.     

肿瘤诊治相关肾损伤的防治决策

肿瘤患者在诊治过程中可能会引起肾脏损伤,如造影剂、化疗和靶向药物的使用等等。如何平衡肿瘤患者在诊治过程中的疗效及安全性,使患者能够接受并完成治疗,延长患者无进展生存和总生存,是肿瘤学界所面临的挑战。     

成人间右半肝活体肝移植的肝中静脉之争

成人右半肝活体肝移植的开展在很大程度上解决了供肝短缺的问题,但随之也引发了右半肝移植物中是否带肝中静脉的技术与伦理之争。本文论述了肝中静脉的解剖,以及右半肝活体肝移植中带与不带肝中静脉的双方观点、理论依据和临床实践经验。     

早产高胆红素血症患儿脑干听觉诱发电位测听的临床意义

检测分析早产高胆红素血症（HB）患儿脑干听觉诱发电位测听（BAEP）指标。连续选择近期在我院住院的早产HB患儿176例,入选对象治疗前接受了BAEP检测。胎龄较短、分娩体重较轻、日龄较小和血清高浓度早产儿BAEP检测通过耳数、通过率均明显少于胎龄较长、出生体重较重、日龄较大和胆红素较低浓度旱产儿组（P均〈0．05）。不...     

肝移植患者的抗病毒治疗

乙肝相关性肝病肝移植患者术后乙型肝炎病毒再感染是影响其长期存活的主要因素,因此,有效地防治HBV再感染或者乙肝复发,是我国肝移植受者术后长期存活的关键。术前应用抗乙肝病毒药物,使血液中HBVDNA处于检测不到水平,以及术中使用高效价人乙肝免疫球蛋白,术后联合应用核苷类药物,保持抗-HBs水平大于100IU／L～150IU／L,可以达到长期有效预防HBV感染防止乙肝复发的目的。     

乙肝肝硬化患者的抗病毒治疗

乙肝肝硬化是HBV感染的最终结局之一。目前的研究证明,抗病毒治疗能使肝脏组织学获得改善甚至逆转肝硬化的病情。多种核苷（酸）类似物及干扰素的临床应用,使乙肝肝硬化的抗病毒治疗取得较大进展,但患者仍需长期甚至终生治疗。因此,应遵循个体化的治疗原则,针对患者病情、药物特点、不良反应、患者经济承受能力,选择强效、低耐药且较经济...     

An Examination of Disclosure of Nonsuicidal Self‐injury among University Students

Despite the widespread prevalence of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among community‐based samples, little is known about which self‐injurers disclose their NSSI or the factors that promote disclosure among self‐injurers. To address this gap in the literature, we examined whether disclosers could be differentiated from nondisclosers on the basis of NSSI characteristics (e.g. frequency of NSSI and severity of NSSI), NSSI motivations (e.g. interpersonal and intrapersonal motivations) and psychosocial factors (e.g. suicidal ideation and self‐esteem). Participants consisted of a large sample of 268 self‐injuring undergraduate students (M_age = 19.07 years, 70.3% women) at a Canadian university. Results indicated that 57% of self‐injurers had never disclosed their NSSI to anyone. Self‐injurers were most likely to disclose to peers and romantic partners. Logistic regression analyses revealed that pain during NSSI, severity of NSSI, interpersonal motivations for engaging in NSSI, higher suicidal ideation and higher friendship quality were all associated with a greater likelihood of NSSI disclosure. Our findings suggest that individuals with severe NSSI and suicidal ideation may be more likely to disclose. Moreover, our findings underscore the importance of equipping friends and romantic partners with effective responses to NSSI disclosures to promote more formal help‐seeking behaviours among self‐injurers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.