略论惠栋的考据学特色与既济思想--以《易大义》为例

<易大义>是惠栋用易理对中庸的注解,该书实际体现了惠栋的许多学术特色,其考据学特色表现为:1.复经书原貌.2.考典章制度.3.述微言大义.而其思想特色则表现为将中庸的思想看作一个整体,从而在注解的过程中将自己的易学思想完整地表达为:乾元经过择善积善的过程最终达到既济的理想境界.     

大学生网络使用利弊权衡问卷的编制

在前期访谈并结合国内外已有研究的基础上,编制网络成瘾领域的利弊权衡问卷(Internet Addiction Decisional Balance Questionnaire,简称IDBQ)。被试为选自北京市7所高校的1166名大学生,按大约2∶3的方式将被试随机分成两组(N₁=441,N₂=725)分别用于探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。结果表明IDBQ由好处分问卷和代价分问卷组成,其中好处分问卷维度包括放松心情、获取知识、方便交流和获得成就感;代价分问卷维度包括空虚苦恼、荒废学业、人际受损、浪费金钱。IDBQ具有良好的信度和效度指标,可以作为我国大学生网络使用利弊权衡的测量工具。     

国外工作-家庭平衡研究的现状述评

工作-家庭平衡在国外已有十多年的研究历史, 我国在这方面的研究起步较晚。述评中总结了国外工作-家庭平衡研究的现状, 探讨了其理论起源, 并在概念、测量和相关变量方面做了梳理, 比较了平衡与目前工作-家庭界面研究中工作-家庭冲突和工作-家庭促进之间的关系, 并提出未来工作-家庭平衡的概念应在区别其他相关概念的基础上, 从主客观的角度, 结合中国国情来界定, 此外还需要开发测量客观平衡的工具来完善其测量方法, 同时也有必要进行跨文化背景下的研究。     

Balance of blood pressure equivalents as a new quantitative scale for identifying cardiac versus vascular reactor: Comparisons with Gregg, Matyas and James' (2002) hemodynamic profile scale

Abstract:  A quantitative scale for identifying cardiac versus vascular reactor, balance of blood pressure equivalents ( BE ), was newly advocated and compared with a very recently advocated one, hemodynamic profile ( HP ), by Gregg, Matyas and James (2002). BE was defined as " (Δ Q/Q ₀) P ₀'  − ( Δ R/R ₀ )P ₀." Here, P ₀ , Q ₀, and R ₀ were mean blood pressure ( P ), cardiac output ( Q ), and total peripheral resistance ( R ) during baseline, and Δ Q and Δ R were the difference scores of Q and R from baseline to stress, respectively. This was named as BE because the two terms in the formula indicated changes in Q and R in their blood pressure equivalents. Comparisons of the BE and HP scales were carried out, theoretically, in a newly introduced pressor space, on orthogonality with the extent of elevation of P (Δ P ); and then, practically, by using hypothetical data. In summary, it was shown that data points in the neighborhood in the pressor space can be judged as having not so different hemodynamic balance whether the BE or HP scale was used. As a merit, the BE scale seemed helpful to an intuitive understanding of the hemodynamics during stress. As a demerit, it cannot maintain the quasi-orthogonal relationship with Δ P when Q or R changes profoundly in the face of stress.     

医患关系面临的课题:利益的冲突

我国当前医患间存在利益冲突的现实,并呈现出种种特点。医患间相互戒备的加深和防御性医疗的出现,不利于融洽和互动医患关系的形成,医院在引入市场某些机制和扩展自身财力时,应尽力维护中低收入者的医疗保健权利,损害病人的利益,同时坚持医学伦理学的四项原则,建立相互间的诚信,充分运用社会调节和医疗诉讼的杠杆,实行医务公开,有望调节和平衡这种利益冲突,使医患双方的利益得到合理的归缩。     

听力障碍者听阈及主观响度变异调查

用amplaid455型电子纯音听力计对100名听力障碍者及100名正常人进行纯音听阈测试并进行听阈水平级的ABLB测试。结果,听力障碍者临床所测听阈值与实际听阈值不一致,共误差程度与正常人相比差异显著（P＜0．05),且听力障碍者听阈水平的双耳主观响度变异非常显著（P＜0．01）。此现象的发现提示,在对有听力障碍的被试进行ABLB及纯音检测时应注意随机变化的感觉因素的作用。     

Development and Validation of a Short Health Behaviors Index for Use with Low Socioeconomic Status (SES) Older Adults

This study reports on the development and validation of a health behavior index in predominantly low socioeconomic status (SES) older adults. In order to develop and validate the index for use in low SES older adults, the 24-item Health and Human Services HealthStyle Self-Test was used for item generation. It was reduced to a relatively brief instrument, the Short HealthStyle (SHS) Index with 13 items that measures four major content areas of lifestyle behaviors among low SES older adults. The SHS Index was administered to a sample of 350 low SES older individuals. Principal component model factor analysis indicated a four-factor structure. Items loading on the first factor appeared to assess fitness and leisure activities, whereas those loading on the second and third factor assessed nutrition practices and stress control, respectively. A fourth factor assessed drinking/eating behaviors. Discriminant validity of the SHS was confirmed using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and other health measures that indicated distinct constructs. Internal consistency for the SHS was .72 using Chronbach's alpha. Overall, the SHS Index displayed good psychometric properties in this sample, suggesting the appropriateness of using it to measure selected health behaviors with low SES older adults.     

The balance beam in the balance: reflections on rules, relational complexity, and developmental processes

The lead articles by Jansen and van der Maas (2002, this issue) and Halford, Andrews, Dalton, Boag, and Zielinski (2002, this issue) raise numerous questions concerning the development of rule use and how best to assess it. In this Reflection, we focus on the following: (a) When can one infer the use of a rule? (b) What are the mechanisms underlying the development of rule use? and (c) What is the relation between understanding and execution? In addressing these questions, we contrast relational complexity theory with cognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory.     

绿色生活方式的结构与测量

基于前人研究,结合对241份访谈问卷进行内容分析,构建绿色生活方式由知、情、意、行四维度组成的理论假设,并依照该理论初步编制绿色生活方式量表。采用调查法回收有效问卷1051份,结果显示:量表的 Cronbach α系数为0.919,分半信度系数为0.876,0.868; 量表与各维度均存在显著的中高等相关,各维度间存在显著的中低等相关; 探索性因素分析的结果与理论构想基本一致,验证性因素分析结果表明模型拟合度良好; 此外,量表能较好区分环境态度与环保行为有不一致倾向的个体。因此,本研究制定的绿色生活方式量表具有较好的信效度,并可为区分“言行一致”或“言行不一”的个体提供一定参考。