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961.
Stephen Palmquist 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):17-28
Although Kant is often interpreted as an Enlightenment Deist, Kant scholars are increasingly recognizing aspects of his philosophy that are more amenable to theism. If Kant regarded himself as a theist, what kind of theist was he? The theological approach that best fits Kant’s model of God is panentheism, whereby God is viewed as a living being pervading the entire natural world, present ‘in’ every part of nature, yet going beyond the physical world. The purpose of Kant’s restrictions on our knowledge of God is not to cast doubt on God’s existence, but to preserve a mystery in God’s reality so that God is always more than the world as we experience it. The same God who is theoretically unknowable is also an aspect of the moral substratum of the physical world. Kant’s moral Trinity (God as righteous Lawgiver, benevolent Ruler, and just Judge) permeates everything, as the ultimate unifier of reason and nature. This Paper was delivered during the 2007 APA Pacific Mini-Conference on Models of God, together with papers published in Philosophia 35:3–4. 相似文献
962.
In addition to the impaired ability to effectively communicate, adults with acquired brain injury (ABI) also experience high
incidences of depression, social isolation, and decreased quality of life. Expressive writing programs have been shown to
be effective in alleviating these concomitant impairments in other populations including incarcerated inmates (Lane, Writing
as a road to self-discovery, F & W, Cincinnati 1993). In addition, computer applications such as email have been suggested
as an effective means of improving communication and social isolation in adults with brain injury (Sohlberg et al. [2003].
Brain Injury, 17(7), 609–629). This investigation examines the effects of on-line expressive journal writing on the communication, emotional
status, social integration and quality of life of individuals with brain injury. 相似文献
963.
The present study examined the role of childhood abuse and neglect and depression recurrence in moderating the generation of stressful life events in adolescent depression. Maltreatment history and stressful life events were assessed using two rigorous contextual interviews and rating systems. In a sample of 59 community depressed adolescents we found significantly higher rates of interpersonal events in the 3-month period immediately following depression episode onset versus the 3-month period immediately preceding onset in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment. By contrast, rates of events remained constant over a matched period in a control group of non-maltreated adolescents. Furthermore, the generation of interpersonal events only held among those on a first onset of depression. These results suggest that a history of childhood abuse and neglect exacerbates the psychosocial dysfunction associated with the onset of depression, particularly in the very first episode. 相似文献
964.
Martina Roesner 《Husserl Studies》2008,24(1):31-52
Zusammenfassung Husserls Ansatz der Transzendentalph?nomenologie wird gemeinhin als Versuch einer rationalen Letztbegründung von Erkenntnis
überhaupt gedeutet. Sein Verst?ndnis der konstitutiven Rolle des reinen Bewu?tseins gegenüber dem Weltph?nomen als solchem
sowie seine Betonung des teleologischen Aspektes der transzendentalen Vernunft scheint sein Denken von vornherein in radikalen
Gegensatz zu all jenen ph?nomenologischen Entwürfen zu bringen, die – wie etwa Heidegger oder Fink – die Beziehung von Subjekt
und Welt sowie die Philosophie als ganze wesentlich vom Spiel her zu verstehen suchen. Andererseits hat die ph?nomenologische
Epoché durch die in ihr liegende Neutralisierung der Existenzsetzung von transzendenter Wirklichkeit bisweilen in dem Ruf
gestanden, sich in die freischwebende Sph?re der „reinen Denkbarkeiten” und Fiktionen zurückziehen zu wollen. Ausgehend von
gewissen kritischen Bemerkungen Husserls zu den Analysen der praktischen Verwendungs- und Verstehenszusammenh?nge in Sein und Zeit soll in diesem Artikel gezeigt werden, da? der Spielbegriff bei Husserl so vielschichtig ist wie die intentionale Struktur
des Bewu?tseins selbst. Zwischen der existenzneutralen Betrachtung „freischwebender” eidetischer Strukturen einerseits und
der Betonung des absoluten teleologischen Zwecksinnes der transzendentalen Bewu?tseinsaktivit?t andererseits versucht Husserl,
die Motivation des Durchbruchs der rein theoretischen Haltung als solcher vor dem Hintergrund spielerischer Freiheit und Spontaneit?t
zu verstehen. Im Gegensatz zu Heidegger wird die „spielerische Neugierde” der theoretischen Haltung, die auch der Epoché zugrunde
liegt, als ein positives Grundph?nomen verstanden, das auf die Freiheit des transzendentalen Subjekts von dinglichen Zweckzusammenh?ngen
und damit auf seine überweltliche Würde als transzendentale Person verweist.
相似文献
Martina RoesnerEmail: |
965.
Tetsuya Sakakibara 《Husserl Studies》2008,24(1):1-14
Zusammenfassung In seiner Fünften Cartesianischen Meditation entwickelt Husserl eine transzendentale Theorie der Fremderfahrung, der sogenannten ,,Einfühlung“. Diese Theorie charakterisiert
er in dieser Schrift als ,,statische Analyse“. Genau besehen werden darin jedoch mehrere genetische Momente der Fremderfahrung
in Betracht gezogen. In diesem Aufsatz versucht der Verfasser, zuerst aufgrund einiger nachgelassener Texte Husserls die wesentlichen
Charaktere der statischen und der genetischen Methode und auch den Zusammenhang der beiden festzustellen, um dann aus der
Analyse der Fünften Meditation die statischen und die genetischen Momente konkret herauszuarbeiten. Aus dieser Untersuchung wird deutlich, dass die Theorie
der Fremderfahrung in der Fünften Meditation als statische Analyse angesehen werden kann, insofern sie die ,,Fundierungsstruktur“ der Fremderfahrung kl?rt. Es ergibt
sich aber auch, dass sie bereits in die genetische Sph?re eingetreten ist, sofern sie durch den ,,Abbau“ der h?heren Sinnesschicht
der Fremderfahrung die primordiale Eigenheitssph?re als Unterschicht freilegt, und wenn sie dann versucht, von dieser Eigenheitssph?re
her die h?here Konstitution des fremden Leibes und des alter ego durch die ,,paarende Assoziation“ als ,,passive Genesis“ aufzukl?ren. Dieser halb-genetischen Theorie fehlt jedoch ein weiteres
notwendiges Verfahren der genetischen Methode (das der Rückfrage nach der ,,Urstiftung“), das überprüfen soll, ob und wie
alle zur primordialen Sph?re geh?rigen Sinne (,,mein Leib“, ,,mein Menschen-Ich“ usw.) wirklich ohne konstitutive Leistungen
der auf fremde Subjektivit?t bezogenen Intentionalit?t “urgestiftet” werden k?nnen. Einige Stellen der Fünften Meditation weisen darauf hin, dass eine solche Urstiftung unm?glich w?re. In der Tat hat der sp?te Husserl seine ehemalige Konzeption,
die die statische Fundierungsabfolge zugleich als notwendiges genetisches Nacheinander auffasste, revidiert.
相似文献
Tetsuya SakakibaraEmail:
966.
We investigated the relationship between knowledge about the demonstrated benefits of breastfeeding and individual support
for breastfeeding accommodation in the workplace. We tested our hypotheses by asking participants to respond to vignettes
that described the factors a Director of Human Resources had to consider in responding to the needs of a breastfeeding employee.
We found that participants had a low level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding for child, mother, and organization.
Participants with children reported stronger support for accommodation, and the level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding
mediated this effect. The results showed that participants in executive level positions, and who had no children, were the
least supportive of accommodation. There were no occupational differences in responses to the support measure. 相似文献
967.
Ken Laidlaw Susan McAlpine 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(4):250-262
This paper discusses the treatment of depression in older adults (over age 65) using cognitive therapy techniques first developed
by Beck and colleagues. The focus of this paper concerns whether modifications of CBT are required in order to ensure maximal
efficacy and discusses what modifications may be suitable by advocating conceptual and theoretical reasons for their adoption.
Some important contextual factors may need to be taken account of when working with older people such as dealing with expectancies
about lifespan, the likelihood of chronic physical illness and longevity and chronicity of the personal history of problems.
It is our contention that much more has been written about outcome in CBT with older people than has been written about psychotherapy
process issues. This paper aims to address this perceived gap in the literature. 相似文献
968.
Andrea Viggiano 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(2):213-224
In order to rebut G. E. Moore’s open question argument, ethical naturalists adopt a theory of direct reference for our moral
terms. T. Horgan and M. Timmons have argued that this theory cannot be applied to moral terms, on the ground that it clashes
with competent speakers’ linguistic intuitions. While Putnam’s Twin Earth thought experiment shows that our linguistic intuitions
confirm the theory of direct reference, as applied to ‘water’, Horgan and Timmons devise a parallel thought experiment about
moral terms, in order to show that this theory runs against our linguistic intuitions about such terms. My claim is that the
Horgan–Timmons argument does not work. I concede that their thought experiment is a good way to test the applicability of
the theory of direct reference to moral terms, and argue that the upshot of their experiment is not what they claim it is:
our linguistic intuitions about Moral Twin Earth are parallel to, not different from, our intuitions about Twin Earth.
相似文献
Andrea ViggianoEmail: |
969.
Despite extensive research on the subject spanning over 70 years, uncertainty still remains as to whether happier workers
are in fact more productive. This study combined longitudinal prospective and experience sampling methods to examine the relationship
between happiness and self-reported productivity among Directors employed in the public and private sectors. Analyses at a
trait level suggested happy people were more productive. Similarly, at the state level of analysis, people were more productive
when they were happier. Among the happiness indicators examined (job satisfaction, quality of work life, life satisfaction,
positive affect, and negative affect) positive affect was most strongly, but not exclusively, tied to productivity at both
the state and trait levels. Discussion focuses on reconciling a long history of mixed findings regarding the happy-productive
worker thesis.
相似文献
John M. ZelenskiEmail: |
970.
Over the past few decades, the work of Georg Simmel (1858–1918) has again become of interest. Its reception, however, has
been fairly one-sided and selective, mostly because Simmel’s philosophy has been bypassed in favor of his sociological contributions.
This article examines Simmel’s explicit reflections on the nature of philosophy. Simmel defines philosophy through three aspects
which, according to him, are common to all philosophical schools. First, philosophical reasoning implies the effort to think
without preconditions. Second, Simmel maintains that in contrast to other sciences, only philosophy is oriented toward constructing
a general view of the world. Third, Simmel claims that philosophical work worthy of the name creates a sphere of a typical way of being in relation to world, a third sphere that is between the personal and the objective. According to Simmel, what has made philosophy’s eminent figures great
is that they have advanced a type of thinking and developed it into a particularly interesting form, and this type can still
correspond with the way we experience the world. It is significant that these three aspects through which Simmel defines philosophical
activity emphasize the forms of questioning, not the contents or objects of thought. Still, he thinks that an interaction
with concrete examples is always required in order to make philosophy a meaningful activity. This stance is reflected in the
wide variety of topics studied by Simmel himself. In his last works Simmel began to emphasize another aspect of philosophy,
its nature as a living movement of thought related to fundamental human limitedness: just as life itself ceaselessly reaches
beyond its present form, so philosophy constantly strives to overcome the preconditions of thinking.
相似文献
Olli Pyyhtinen (Corresponding author)Email: |