Early maladaptive schema and social and occupational functioning: The mediating role of psychiatric symptomatology

Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are described as long‐held core beliefs which are dysfunctional to a significant degree. However, the supposition that schemas are dysfunctional by nature, while not isomorphic with psychiatric syndromes, is yet to be subjected to empirical review. The current study seeks to investigate the relationship between the Young Schema Questionnaire and the concept of ‘dysfunction’ in a community sample to determine the indirect effects of psychiatric symptomatology and validate current scoring guidelines with a convergent measure of dysfunction. A total of 464 people completed a survey online comprising of the YSQ‐Short Form, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales‐21, the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scales, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale. Multiple regression analyses revealed a moderate relationship between EMS categories and measures of dysfunction, however only six of eighteen EMS categories were significant predictors in this model. Mediation analyses further suggest that the relationship between EMS and dysfunction is partially mediated by psychiatric symptomatology. The current dichotomous clinical scoring guidelines were found to be invalid when measures of functioning were used as convergent measures for twelve of the EMS categories. These findings suggest the YSQ is best conceptualised as a general measure of schema as opposed to a measure of EMS categories.     

医学人文素质教育与小班化教学

中国医学人文教育正处于起步、探索阶段,课堂教学是主要渠道和途径,而目前各校的医学人文教育采取的大班课教学方式影响了教学效果.从医学人文教育的理念和教育规律出发,并借鉴他国的经验,小班化教学应是落实人文教育的实效性一个中心环节.     

生命科学前沿的特征与意义

生命科学前沿是一个灰色系统和动态系统,随着其发展的演进,前沿领域与热点总处于动态或交替之中.通过对生命科学前沿领域的分析和界定,提出当今生命科学前沿领域的代表为基因组学、系统生物学等七大领域;并以科学系统论的观点分析七大前沿具有的系统特性和作为大科学的特点及意义.     

试论儒家的意义治疗思想

儒家学说中蕴涵着丰富的意义治疗思想。认为人要活得有意义,就必须成就自己的道德生命,成为具有道德的人;人只有通过自己的切身体验将外在的道德规范转化为一种道德信念,才能完成自己的道德使命,实践自己的道德人生;生与死一样,都是求"道"的工具和使命;而是否能够实现生命的意义、是否能够达到理想的人格,主要取决于其生命实践。     

应对策略和社会支持对提高哮喘患者生活质量的作用

探讨应对策略及社会支持在心理干预对哮喘患者生活质量提高中的作用。采用随机对照的方法,将374名哮喘患者分为实验组（228人）及对照组（146人）,实验组除进行常规的药物治疗外,配合以系统的心理干预方法。选用生活质量问卷、医用应对问卷及社会支持评定量表对治疗前后的生活质量状况、应对策略及社会支持水平进行测量。治疗后,在生活质量总分及各维度、社会支持总分以及对社会支持的利用度上,实验组和对照组得分都有所提高．但实验组提高的分值要显著大于对照组;在回避应对上,实验组和对照组都有所降低,但对照组的降低程度要显著大于实验组,在屈服应对上,实验组和对照组也都有所降低,但实验组的降低程度要显著大于对照组。多元逐步回归分析的结果显示,屈服的降低和对社会支持利用度的提高能够显著预测哮喘患者生活质量的提高。     

大学生情绪调节方式与生活满意度研究

本研究使用大学生情绪调节方式问卷测查大学生情绪调节方式与大学生生活满意度之间的相关研究。研究结果表明：正情绪调节方式中的情绪分享、自我激励、克制、情绪维持、情绪表露及负情绪调节方式中的转移注意力、认知重评因素与生活满意度之间存在正相关关系,而调节积极情绪的行动动机方式、调节负性情绪的发泄、压抑、体验痛苦、放松等方式则与生活满意度之间有着负相关关系。自我激励方式、发泄、压抑、体验痛苦调节方式对生活满意度具有显著的预测力。     

Measuring Meaning in Life

The present studies addressed the need for a comprehensive, economical, and psychometrically adequate measure of existential meaning. In Study 1, principal-axis factor analysis of participants’ responses to popular meaning measures identified five latent constructs underlying them, labelled purposeful life, principled life, valued life, exciting life, and accomplished life. These dimensions resonate with the meaning in life concept as understood by Frankl (1963. Man’s search for meaning. (Revised Ed.) London: Hodder & Stoughton) and the panoply of subsequent theoretical definitions (e.g. Battista and Almond. (1973). Psychiatry, 36, 409–427; 2000. Exploring existential meaning: Optimising human development across the life span (pp. 39–55). USA: Sage; 1998. The human quest for meaning: A handbook of psychological research and clinical applications (pp. 11–140). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum). Study 2 used these results as a foundation for developing a psychometrically satisfactory self-report questionnaire of each of these aspects of meaning in life. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated a five-factor structure, with each factor loading on a common second-order factor. Study 3 provided evidence for this new measure’s convergent validity and economic property. The final Meaningful Life Measure is reported and provides comprehensive but differentiated measurement of the meaning in life construct.     

生命需要心理学理论与生命教育方法

＂生命需要心理学理论与生命教育方法＂是研究者开展了为期五年的生命发展研究后获得的心理学与教育学的研究成果。五年中,研究者以0～6岁正常学前儿童为对象,对其实行生命发展教育,获取了大量的生命发展事实,证明了：1）人类生命具有人人可遵循的生长发展规律——＂需要＂的生长发展规律;2）＂需要＂的生物性基础的早期建构是＂需要＂生长发展规律的核心内容;3）马斯洛的＂需要层次＂中心理需要的低级阶段——＂安全需要＂之前还存在一个生命的原始需要——以＂新奇、探索、操作＂为对象的＂需要＂,其贯穿在0～6岁的儿童早期生命阶段;4）0～6岁时期,＂儿童需要＂不是恒定的、稳定的、成熟的心理机能,而是处在生长过程中。＂需要＂强度的提升是0～6岁时期以＂需要＂为核心的心理整体建构的鲜为人知的生命法则;5）0～6岁时期＂需要＂的良好建构,使＂需要＂水平达到推动生命走向＂需要＂的最高层次——＂自我实现需要＂的强度;6）＂需要层次＂与生命质量存在着内在关联;7）儿童＂原始需要＂满足的方法为：在儿童＂原始需要＂机能强度与寓含＂新奇、探索、操作＂属性的＂原始需要＂对象即外部刺激之间建立起犹如昆虫与花类般默契的真正联系。     

生命意义感获取的心理机制及其影响因素

生命意义感体验对个体身心健康有重要的影响,其相关研究也已开始受到心理学各个领域的广泛关注。生命意义感获得与维持的理论研究主要是包括意义感层次模型、意义感构建模型及意义感维持与流动模型。大五人格、心理模拟、积极/消极情绪和亲社会行为是影响个体生命意义感体验的主要因素。未来研究要进一步探讨生命意义感产生的影响因素,完善相关的理论模型,并要从时间序列的角度探讨意义感的产生过程,并对生命意义感获得及维持的跨文化差异进行探讨。