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811.
Lisa Rivera 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(1):69-87
When a person gives up an end of crucial importance to her in order to promote a moral aim, we regard her as having made a
moral sacrifice. The paper analyzes these sacrifices in light of some of Bernard Williams’ objections to Kantian and Utilitarian
accounts of them. Williams argues that an implausible consequence of these theories is that that we are expected to sacrifice
projects that make our lives worth living and contribute to our integrity. Williams’ arguments about integrity and meaning
are shown to be unconvincing when the content of projects is left open. However, a look at his later arguments suggests a
reason to be concerned about defensible ethical projects as understood through what he refers to as “the morality system”.
The problem for theories of this type turns out to be not merely conflicts between ethical projects and moral demands but
making sense of some of the ethically relevant features of these projects. Accommodations to moral theories that leave room
for ethical projects may be insufficient to explain such features, for example in cases where agents demand more of themselves
than the theories require. Making the theories more demanding is also problematic. Williams’ view about the role ethics plays
in our conception of the life we want to lead provides a better account of these cases.
相似文献
Lisa RiveraEmail: |
812.
Meaning in life and life satisfaction are both important variables in well-being research. Whereas an appreciable body of
work suggests that life satisfaction is fairly stable over long periods of time, little research has investigated the stability
of meaning in life ratings. In addition, it is unknown whether these highly correlated variables change independent of each
other over time. Eighty-two participants (mean age = 19.3 years, SD 1.4; 76% female; 84% European-American) completed measures
of the presence of meaning in life, the search for meaning in life, and life satisfaction an average of 13 months apart (SD = 2.3 months).
Moderate stability was found for presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life, and life satisfaction. Multiple
regressions demonstrated specificity in predicting change among these measures. Support for validity and reliability of these
variables is discussed. 相似文献
813.
Mark Chekola 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2007,8(1):51-78
The paper starts with a general discussion of the concepts of happiness and the good life. I argue that there is a conceptual
core of happiness which has to do with one’s life as a whole. I discuss affective and attitude or life satisfaction views
of happiness and indicate problems faced by those views. I introduce my own view, the life plan view, which sees happiness
as the ongoing realizing of global desires of the person. I argue that on such a view one’s life could be happy without a
high level of rationality or a high level of autonomy; such rationality and autonomy are not built into the concept of happiness.
So while happiness is a final value, and good for the person, it is not the only final value. Rationality and autonomy are
also final values and, where they exist, are good as ends for the person, part of the good life. 相似文献
814.
Phan Chánh Công 《Dao》2007,6(3):239-262
The term “dao” (道) has been playing the theoretically paradigmatic role in almost all East Asian philosophies, religions, and cultures.
The meanings of the term “dao” in the Dao De Jing and other ancient East Asian texts have remained hermeneutically problematic up to this point in time. This article argues
that one of the main causes of this hermeneutical problematic is the failure to establish a theoretically formal typology
of the “dao.” It further suggests that a hermeneutically disciplined reading of the 76 uses of the term “dao” in the Dao De Jing accomplishes two important goals: (1) it demonstrates that a typological approach may enhance an understanding of the Laoian
Dao, and (2) it provides some good data to begin reconstructing such a theoretically formal dao-typology. 相似文献
815.
Eske Møllgaard 《Dao》2007,6(4):397-411
Tu Wei-ming’s discourse has been badly understood by some Western philosophers who study Confucianism. I suggest that this misunderstanding
stems from the fact that these philosophers fail to realize that Confucian discourse is in an entirely different register
from Western philosophical discourse. I then propose my own preliminary definition of Confucian discourse in five points and
present a structural analysis of a text by Tu Wei-ming. Finally, I consider which features of Tu’s discourse can properly be called Confucian. The answer to this question
reflects not only on Tu but also on Confucian discourse and the study of Confucianism in general. 相似文献
816.
Louise Almond Laurence Alison Louise Porter 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2007,4(2):71-83
This study examined the content of a contemporary sample of behavioural investigative advice reports produced by the National Policing Improvements Agency (NPIA), formally known as the National Centre for Policing Excellence, and compared this sample with previous offender‐profiling samples reported by Alison, Smith, Eastman, and Rainbow in 2003. Forty‐seven reports written in 2005 were content analysed. The reports contained 805 claims, although 96% of the claims contained grounds for their claim, only 34% had any formal support or backing. In terms of confirmability, 70% of the claims were verifiable. However, only 43% were falsifiable, in that they could be objectively measured post‐conviction. Analysis also showed that there were differences when comparing the different types of claims made (i.e. behavioural, temporal) and the different types of reports compiled by the NPIA (i.e. behavioural assessment report, linking report, etc.) Comparisons show that there is a very large positive difference between the contemporary behavioural investigative advice sample and previous non‐NPIA expert advice in terms of the substantiveness of their arguments. Contemporary NPIA behavioural investigative advice has clearer boundaries around the claims made and presents material in a more coherent and evidence‐based format than previous expert advice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
817.
Weixi Hu 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(4):475-487
As a social and political thought, communitarian ideas appeared in the Pre-Qin Confucianism. By the Song Dynasty, it had become
a systematic theory, namely, the learning of the “four books.” As a social and political theory, not only can Confucian communitarianism
contribute to Western liberalism, but it can also be an intellectual resource for the development of democracy in East Asian
countries and regions. The future of the Confucian communitarianism lies in its critique of itself and its discourse with
Western liberalism, by which Confucianism evolves from communitarianism into liberalism.
__________
Translated from Wenshizhe 文史哲 (Literature, History and Philosophy), 2006, (4): 31–37 相似文献
818.
Zhongtang Cheng 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(2):188-205
This article describes the logic paradigm in the “Mobian” 墨辩 (the debate theory of the Mohist school) investigation from the point of view of hermeneutics, discloses the relationship
between the overinterpretation tradition in China and the logic paradigm in the “Mobian” investigation, observes the overinterpretation of the “Mobian” by the creators and supporters of the logic paradigm from Liang Qichao and Hu Shi to the modernists, including mathematical
logicians, and analyzes Shen Youding’s reflections on the logic paradigm in his later life.
Translated by Huang Deyuan (proofread by Hsiung Ming) from Xueshu Yanjiu 学术研究 (Academic Research Journal), 2005, (1): 49–56 相似文献
819.
Dahua Cui 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(4):517-532
In a society dominated by Confucian ethics, a spirit of Confucian public morality can be seen in the Confucian debate over
publicness and privateness, but it is usually activated in circumstances of large ethical crisis. Confucian theory mainly
uses ethical relationships to create self and social identities, causing problems of identification in the public life and
hindering the expression of moral feelings and actions, thus revealing a weakness in public morality. This is a space that
Confucianism has not yet been able to cover, and also where it has room for growth.
Translated by Huang Deyuan from Wen Shi Zhe 文史哲 (Journal of Literature, History and Philosophy), 2006, (1): 30–36 相似文献
820.
Kjersti Alsaker Bente E. Moen Kjell Kristoffersen 《Applied research in quality of life》2007,2(2):125-139
The SF-36 Health Survey and the WHO Quality of Life Index—BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to study quality of life among women
who had experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim was to determine how these instruments correlated with each other
and with physical and psychological IPV, in order to find the best instrument to use. IPV was measured using the Severity
of Violence against Women Scale (SVAWS) and the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Index (PMWI). A self-administrated questionnaire
was given to women able to understand Norwegian who were staying at a women’s shelter in Norway for more than 1 week. 87 of
212 women asked to participate completed the questionnaire. The physical acts of violence in SVAWS correlated significantly
(P<0.001) with both the general health and bodily pain dimensions in SF-36 and global overall health (OH) in WHOQOL-BREF. Most
correlations between WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36 were moderate. The WHOQOL-BREF domains explained 46% of the variance in OH and
40% of the variance in the global overall quality of life (OQOL). The SF-36 domains explained 66% of the variance in OH and
27% of OQOL. The mean WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36 scores were all low. The SF-36 correlated better with physical and psychological
IPV in this population than the WHOQOL-BREF. The significant correlations between the OH, general health and bodily pain domains
and acts of violence show the importance of including questions concerning bodily symptoms in determining the quality of life
in a population of abused women. 相似文献