Person‐Group Value Congruence and Subjective Well‐Being in Students from Argentina,Bulgaria and Finland: The Role of Interpersonal Relationships

The present study examined the relations between personal values, value congruence, interpersonal relationships and subjective well‐being in psychology/education and business students from Argentina (N = 275), Bulgaria (N = 182) and Finland (N = 148). Regression analyses showed, first, that there were no direct relations between higher order value priorities and life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA) or negative affect (NA). Second, objective value‐congruence (VC)—the similarity between individual and group values—was positively related to LS and PA, and negatively related to NA. Most importantly, the effects of VC on LS, NA and PA were partially mediated by good interpersonal relationships. Our results show that interpersonal relationships are facilitated by sharing values similar to those of one's fellow students. More generally, personal values per se appear not to be associated with subjective well‐being, more important is how these values fit into the social context. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青少年精神障碍者日常生活实践的失序与重塑

以日常生活世界为分析视角,通过半结构式访谈的方法收集资料,深描曾患精神障碍青少年的日常生活实践,发现他们要面对生活的失序,包括带病生活日常化、家庭系统受损和社会失能与污名等生物性与社会性的困境叠加,揭示了对精神障碍群体的排斥从制度文化延伸到了日常生活。同时,精神障碍青少年通过个体的韧性坚持、家庭关怀保护、社会链接赋能等策略“正常化”生命历程,实现主体性重塑。最后提出利用自我决定、社会关系协调等优势视角帮助青少年精神障碍者重整日常生活实践。

     

安宁疗护患者生活质量评估工具的研究进展

准确评估临终患者的生活质量能更好地实施和评价安宁疗护。国内外相关评估工具各有特点,国外相关研究较为成熟,已有较完善且应用广泛的评估工具;而我国此方面的研究起步较晚,相关工具数量少且应用局限。介绍了国内外安宁疗护患者生活质量评估工具的发展过程、适用对象、测量内容、信效度以及使用方法,并对各工具的基本情况和应用现状进行比较分析,以期为临床研究选用合适的评估工具、国内学者汉化及开发相关评估工具提供参考。

     

中西哲学会通视野中生命教育的认知与实践

生命教育作为高等医学教育的一个重要组成部分,已经得到了广泛认可。然而,在现阶段由于实践上的片面强调以及理论上的粗浅阐释,关于生命教育的研究仍是处在一个有待深化与拓展的层次。而从哲学的视野开拓对生命教育的认知,进而从中西方哲学会通的视野深化这一认知并挖掘其思想传统与相互的共鸣之处,则是对这一现状的积极回应。它具有非常重要的必要性,也有助于深化对生命教育的认知与提升对生命教育的实践。     

解蔽死亡的必要性、可行性与教育实践主体

医学实践和殡葬活动以其自身的方式对死亡产生了遮蔽效应, 解蔽死亡的必要性、可行性和教育优势主体分析仍旧需要医学和殡葬的承负。以医学实践、殡葬活动为代表的死亡遮蔽导致了严重的人文疾患, 解蔽死亡成为医学变革和殡葬改革的必要, 也是再认生命意义的必要。生死哲学的理论成果是解蔽死亡的保障, 医学实践和殡葬活动本身的革新要求是解蔽死亡的动力, 当代社会条件保障了解蔽死亡的可行。解蔽死亡是教育实践活动的表现形式, 医务工作者和殡葬工作者是该教育实践的优势主体。     

Better Never to Have Been Born

The pro‐life paradox, as I call it, begins with a single claim endorsed by many American Christians: infants and young children are innocent in the sight of God because they cannot yet take responsibility for their spiritual well‐being. With this in mind, I argue that pro‐life believers have unwittingly fallen victim to a theological paradox in which their attempts to save the earthly lives of unborn children make it theoretically possible for said children to die an eternal death. On the one hand, many Christians trust in an eventual spiritual reckoning where God will separate the “sheep” from the “goats” (see Matthew 25:31–46), ushering the former into heaven while damning the latter to hell. However, those who cannot yet repent and seek salvation are not blamed for their spiritual failings. If they die, they go to heaven because they are too young and intellectually immature to know any better. But if dead children are spiritually blameless, then abortion practitioners have perversely and paradoxically saved millions of unborn souls by removing human volition (and thus damnation itself) from the equation and by making it possible for the unborn to experience the joys of heaven without the temptations of earth.     

What is philosophy as a way of life? Why philosophy as a way of life?

Despite a recent surge of interest in philosophy as a way of life, it is not clear what it might mean for philosophy to guide one's life, or how a “philosophical” way of life might differ from a life guided by religion, tradition, or some other source. We argue against John Cooper that spiritual exercises figure crucially in the idea of philosophy as a way of life—not just in the ancient world but also today, at least if the idea is to be viable. In order to make the case we attempt to clarify the nature of spiritual exercises, and to explore a number of fundamental questions, such as “What role does reason have in helping us to live well?” Here we distinguish between the discerning and motivational powers of reason, and argue that both elements have limitations as guides to living well.     

Where Emerging Adults in the United States Find Meaning in Life

We explored the most important sources of meaning among emerging adults and whether time spent on social media had an effect on life meaning dimensions. Results showed that the majority of emerging adults mentioned family and friends when asked in an open‐ended question about things that make their life meaningful.     

阴谋论信念的产生机制——社会认知视角的三种解释

社会心理学将阴谋论视作一种意识形态上的信念,并定义为人们将重大的政治或社会事件归因为有权力的群体或个人暗中预谋以达成其目的的解释倾向。社会认知视角为个体这种阴谋论信念的产生提供了三种解释。错觉模式感知导致人们认知上倾向于在不相关的事件之间建立联系;敏感性动因觉察影响人们过度感知并假定事件背后的动因、目的和意图等;投射是将自己愿意参与阴谋的意图归因于事件中的他人。