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991.
George P. Knight Lynn M. Virdin Katheryn A. Ocampo Mark Roosa 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(6):767-783
Recently there has been concern over the need for mental health research within ethnic minority populations, particularly
Hispanic populations. Although there has been research focusing upon the similarity of mental health problems among Hispanic
and Anglo-American samples, the absence of information regarding the cross-ethnic measurement equivalence of the assessment
tools used in these comparisons seriously limits the interpretability of these findings. The two reported studies were designed
to (a) examine the cross-ethnic functional and scalar equivalence of several mental health measures by examining the interrelations
of these mental health indicators and examining the regression equations using negative life events to predict mental health
outcomes; and (b) compare several mental health indicators among Hispanic and Anglo-American 8- to 14-year-old children. Findings
suggest considerable cross-ethnic functional and scalar equivalence for the measure of depression, conduct disorders, and
negative life events. In addition, findings indicate that the Hispanic children scored higher in depression than did the Anglo-American
children, but this difference could be a function of differences in SES. The reader is cautioned that the present samples
included only English-speaking and primarily Mexican American children.
This study was funded by the National Institute for Mental Health Grant 2-P50-MH39246-06 to support the Preventive Intervention
Research Center at Arizona State University. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions made by Tim Ayers, Carolyn
Berg, Leah Gensheimer, Joanne Gersten, Nancy Groppenbacher, Lisa Jack, Lillian Lengua, Marcia Michaels, Irwin Sandler, and
Jerome Short. 相似文献
992.
不同刺激强度训练后一日龄小鸡的记忆形成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一日龄小鸡,分别接受不同浓度的回避性刺激物邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯(MeA)训练,间隔一定时间后测试记忆保持。主要结果为:5%和20%MeA训练,分别使动物记忆保持15分钟和50分钟左右,相当于记忆形成多阶段模型中的STM和ITM阶段。40%MeA训练,记忆保持到训练后8-10小时,相当于不依赖新糖蛋白合成的LTM形成的早期阶段。只有60%以上浓度的MeA训练才使记忆保持至少24小时。上述结果提示,利用弱化训练的方法,不仅可以将STM,ITM和LTM分离开,而且可把LTM形成的早期阶段分离出来独立研究,增加了对LTM新的理解,为进一步探讨记忆形成机制提供了一条新的途径。 相似文献
993.
Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Young Preschoolers: Cross-Cultural Testing of the Validity of the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hans M. Koot Edwin J. C. G. Van Den Oord Frank C. Verhulst Dorret I. Boomsma 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1997,25(3):183-196
The cross-cultural validity of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 2-3 (CBCL/2-3) was tested in three Dutch samples of children referred to mental health services, from the general population, and from a twin study. Six scales were derived from factor analyses and labeled Oppositional, Aggressive, and Overactive, which constituted a broadband Externalizing grouping; Withdrawn/Depressed and Anxious, which constituted a broadband Internalizing grouping; and Sleep Problems. Internal consistencies of the scales, their test-retest reliabilities, interparent agreement, discriminative power, predictive relations with problem ratings 2 years later, and relations to other instruments designed to measure general development and behavior problems were adequate, and highly comparable to psychometric properties in American samples. It was concluded that across languages and cultures behavioral/emotional problems of young preschoolers may be adequately assessed with the CBCL/2-3. 相似文献
994.
Christina M. Hultman Ing-Marie Wieselgren & Arne Öhman 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1997,38(1):3-13
The vulnerability-stress model for schizophrenia posits that relapses are at least partly determined by interacting triggering and protecting psychosocial factors. This study examined social support and general coping style in 42 consecutively admitted DSM:III schizophrenic patients, who were followed prospectively for up to four years. In a second part of the study, a subgroup of the patients were interviewed using the Life Event and Difficulty Schedule 9 months after discharge or at relapse. Patients contented with low social integration had a higher relapse rate over four years than patients lacking of social provisions, but wanting more. We found an excess of life events three weeks before relapse compared to events reported in the non-relapsing group. Suggesting a buffering effect of social factors, time between life event and relapse was significantly extended among patients with a high availability of attachment and a coping strategy characterised of active support seeking. 相似文献
995.
Recovery of single word comprehension: CT-scan correlates 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
9tory comprehension for single words, as measured by the BDAE Word Discrimination subtest, was studied longitudinally in a group of 37 aphasic patients. The majority of the patients had impaired performance at 1 month postonset, but recovery by Month 6 postonset was quite striking. Damage to Wernicke's area did not preclude recovery of single word comprehension to within the normal range. Only patients with very extensive left hemisphere lesions had incomplete recovery of single word comprehension. 相似文献
996.
Javier Nieto 《Learning and motivation》1984,15(1):37-57
Three experiments using a conditioned suppression procedure in rats assessed transfer of conditioned inhibition across different aversive reinforcers. Experiment 1, using shock and car horn blast as reinforcers, showed that a noise negatively correlated with 0.7-mA shock between sessions attenuated suppression of lever pressing elicited by the signals for 0.7-mA shock and 110-db horn blast. Similarly, when the noise signaled the omission of horn blast, it attenuated suppression elicited by the signals for horn blast and shock. Experiment 2, using the same procedure, replicated transfer of conditioned inhibition from shock to horn found in Experiment 1, and indicated that such effects should be attributed to associative factors. Experiment 3, using the conditioned inhibition paradigm and different chambers during training and testing, replicated transfer from horn to shock and indicated that transfer cannot be attributed to multiple-background-reinforcer associations established during inhibitory training. The results of these experiments have implications for theories of conditioned inhibition. 相似文献
997.
Lori Pbert Leonard A. Doerfler Diana DeCosimo 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1992,14(4):363-375
The relation of perceived stress and psychosocial dysfunction was examined in two clinical samples identifying stress as a personal problem. Perceived stress was significantly correlated with self-reported negative affect and physical symptoms. Negative and total major life event scores also were significantly correlated with self-reported negative affect and physical symptoms. However, the perceived stress scale and the life events measures were moderately correlated, indicating that the two scales assess different features of the stress experience. A major finding of this study was that perceived stress scores were significantly correlated with affective and physical symptoms even after the variance associated with life events had been partialed out. 相似文献
998.
Israel Idalovichi 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1992,23(1):85-103
A comprehensive definition of the phenomenon called life led to the addition of many dimensions to the natural sciences, and especially the conscious mental dimension. Historical attention is paid not only to those employing the natural philosophical paradigms, but also to evolutionary theories and to the Kantian teleological philosophy. The belief that science can solve the riddle of life is a category of purposal thinking. A revised version of critical teleology is essential for comprehension of life. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Exogenous, endogenous, and dialectical constructivism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David Moshman 《Developmental Review》1982,2(4):371-384
Three constructivist paradigms are distinguished. Exogenous constructivism (rooted in a mechanistic metaphor) emphasizes the reconstruction of structures preformed in the environment. Endogenous constructivism (rooted in an organismic metaphor) emphasizes the coordination of previous organismic structures. Dialectical constructivism (rooted in a contextualistic metaphor) emphasizes the construction of new structures out of organism/environment interaction. It is suggested that more general metatheories integrating exogenous, endogenous, and dialectical aspects of the construction of knowledge can and should be formulated. Such formulations would not attempt an impossible synthesis of the root metaphors, but rather integrate them in a coherent metatheory by specifying the boundary conditions in which each root metaphor best applies. An example of such a metatheory, based primarily on Piagetian ideas, is presented. 相似文献