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81.
82.
The logic BKc1 is the basic constructive logic in the ternaryrelational semantics (without a set of designated points) adequateto consistency understood as the absence of the negation ofany theorem. Negation is introduced in BKc1 with a negationconnective. The aim of this paper is to define the logic BKc1F.In this logic negation is introduced via a propositional falsityconstant. We prove that BKc1 and BKc1F are definitionally equivalent. 相似文献
83.
J. L. Dowell 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):19-46
Frank Jackson has argued that only if we have a priori knowledge of the extension-fixers for many of our terms can we vindicate
the methodological practice of relying on intuitions to decide between philosophical theories. While there has been much discussion
of Jackson’s claim that we have such knowledge, there has been comparatively little discussion of this most powerful argument
for that claim. Here I defend an alternative explanation of our intuitions about possible cases, one that does not rely on
a priori extension-fixers. This alternative explanation provides a vindication of our reliance on intuitions, while blocking
Jackson’s abductive argument for a priori semantic knowledge. In brief, I argue that we should regard our armchair intuitions
as providing an important, a priori source of evidence for hypotheses about the contents of our implicit referential policies
with regard to our terms. But all such hypotheses have a potential falsifier that is only discoverable empirically. In other
words, gold-standard evidence for such hypotheses is always empirical.
相似文献
J. L. DowellEmail: |
84.
Martin Tak
《Cognitive Systems Research》2008,9(4):293-311
This article presents a synthetic modeling approach to the problem of grounded construction of concepts. In many computational models of grounded language acquisition and evolution, meanings are created in the process of discrimination between a chosen object and other objects present on the scene of communication. We argue that categories constructed for the purpose of identification rather than discrimination are more suitable for the detached language use (talking about things not present here and now). We describe a semantics based on so-called identification criteria constructed by extracting cross-situational similarities among instances of a category, and present several computational models. In the model of individual category construction, the instances are grouped to categories by common motor programs (affordances), while in the model of social learning, focused on the influence of naming on category formation, entities are considered members of the same category, if they are labeled with the same word by an external teacher. By these two mechanisms, the learner can construct interactionally grounded representation of objects, properties, relations, changes, complex situations and events. We also report and analyze simulation results of an experiment focused on the dynamics of meanings in iterated intergenerational transmission. 相似文献
85.
86.
The paper defends a combination of perdurantism with mereological universalism by developing semantics of temporary predications
of the sort ’some P is/was/will be (a) Q’. We argue that, in addition to the usual application of causal and other restrictions
on sortals, the grammatical form of such statements allows for rather different regimentations along three separate dimensions,
according to: (a) whether ‘P’ and ‘Q’ are being used as phase or substance sortal terms, (b) whether ‘is’, ‘was’, and ‘will
be’ are the ‘is’, ‘was’, ‘will be’ of identity or of constitution, and (c) whether ‘Q’ is being used as a subject or predicate
term. We conclude that this latitude is beneficial, as it conforms with linguistic reality (i.e., the multiple uses actually
in place) and also enables one to turn what is ordinarily perceived as a problem for universalist perdurantism viz., a commitment
to all sorts of weird and gerrymandered temporally extended entities, into an advantage, for the richness in questions allows
us to make sense of the many different readings of sentences of the same grammatical form. 相似文献
87.
Dimiter Vakarelov 《Studia Logica》2006,84(1):105-127
The paper is devoted to the contributions of Helena Rasiowa to the theory of non-classical negation. The main results of Rasiowa in this area concerns–constructive logic with strong (Nelson) negation,–intuitionistic negation and some of its generalizations: minimal negation of Johansson and semi-negation.We discuss also the impact of Rasiowa works on the theory of non-classical negation.A lecture presented at the International Conference Trends in Logic III : A. Mostowski, H. Rasiowa and C. Rauszer in memoriam, Warsaw, Ruciane-Nida September 23-26, 2005. 相似文献
88.
89.
使用ERP技术考察了言语产生过程中语音和语义的激活情况。图片上有3种条件的干扰词,分别与目标图片名称形成3种关系:语义相关,语音相同,语义、语音、字形都不相关。结果显示,当被试执行延迟命名任务(实验1)时,与目标图片名称语义相关和控制条件的波形比语音相关的波形更趋于负向。说明在图片命名过程中语音有明显的促进作用。当要求被试对上述图片进行延迟语义判断任务(实验2)时,与目标图片名称语义相关、语音相关及控制条件的波形之间无明显差异。说明在语义提取过程中没有语音的促进作用。综合实验1和实验2,本研究的结果更倾向于支持独立两阶段模型。 相似文献
90.
We correlated the scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO‐PI) with adjective scale markers of factors previously obtained in indigenous lexical studies of personality structure in the German language. Self‐ratings obtained from a sample of 323 German participants showed a pattern of strong convergent and weak discriminant correlations, supporting the content‐based interpretation of the German lexical factors in terms of the HEXACO dimensions. Notably, convergent correlations were strong for both the broader and the narrower variants of the Honesty‐Humility factor as observed in German lexical studies. Also, convergent correlations for HEXACO Openness to Experience were, as expected, stronger for German adjectives describing a creative and intellectual orientation than for German adjectives describing intellectual ability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献