When words and space collide: Spatial attention interacts with lexical access during word recognition

Recent research has suggested an important role for spatial attention in reading, however the nature of this influence is unclear. Further, it has been shown that intention to engage in linguistic processing can enhance lexical processing. Therefore, we developed a novel paradigm to examine the impact of spatial attention on primed and unprimed lexical processing. In a lexical decision task, targets were preceded by a cue to lexical access and spatial location simultaneously. Results indicated that on spatially valid trials, the lexical cuing effect was large and word processing was enhanced, suggesting that spatial attention influences lexical access. On spatially invalid trials, lexical cuing effects were significantly decreased, resulting in a spatial cuing by lexical cuing interaction. Results from this experiment provide evidence that spatial attention interacts with lexical access during word processing. This novel paradigm provides a new avenue for exploring the relations between spatial attention and reading processes.     

单字词的学习年龄对小学生汉字识别的影响（Ⅰ）

该研究以小学一、三、五年级的学生为被试,采用字词的真假判断任务,选取分别在语文课本中一、三、五年级出现的三组字(分别记为A、B、C三组字)为真字,考察了单字词的学习年龄(LA)对小学生汉字识别时间的影响。结果表明：无论纵向比较还是横向比较,单字词的学习年龄(LA)对小学生的真假字判断反应时都有显著影响。     

单字词的学习年龄对小学生汉字识别的影响(I)

该研究以小学一、三、五年级的学生为被试 ,采用字词的真假判断任务 ,选取分别在语文课本中一、三、五年级出现的三组字 (分别记为A、B、C三组字 )为真字 ,考察了单字词的学习年龄 (LA)对小学生汉字识别时间的影响。结果表明 :无论纵向比较还是横向比较 ,单字词的学习年龄 (LA)对小学生的真假字判断反应时都有显著影响。     

言语产生和理解中汉语个体量词的通达

个体量词是汉语的特色词类,是名词的限定词。关于个体量词的通达,目前主要有两种假说：直接选择假说和间接选择假说。实验1和实验2采用图词干扰范式考察了名词短语和简单名词产生中个体量词的通达。实验3采用启动范式考察了言语理解中个体量词的通达。结果表明,无论是在言语产生中,还是在言语理解中,都存在量词一致性效应：当启动词和目标词量词一致时反应时短,错误率亦低。整个研究表明,个体量词的通达涉及个体名词系统和个体量词系统,涉及双向选择的组合网络。个体量词的通达是直接选择和间接选择的有机结合。个体量词在名词短语产生的早期就得到了通达。     

中国4-6岁儿童口语句法启动效应的实验研究

句法启动是指人们倾向于重复使用刚刚加工过的句子类型和结构.本研究运用图画描述范式通过三个实验考察中国4-6岁儿童口语中的句法启动效应.结果显示句法启动现象也存在于中文口语中,同时发现中文特殊句法中有明湿句法指示功能词"把"的词法启动效应.     

双语词汇通达的认知控制

基于熟练性的认知控制研究认为,双语词汇通达的非选择性和选择性是由于认知控制能力的发展结果。基于语境的认知控制研究认为,语境对认知控制的影响可能发生在词汇通达之后,也可能发生在通达之前,由此造成非选择性和选择性通达。考虑到认知控制能在词汇通达之前就可以利用语境来限制非目标语言的激活,这种结果既与双语交互激活模型关于词汇激活的非选择性假设不一致,也对认知控制能力的发展主要依赖熟练性的看法提出疑问,新的研究也因此被期待     

心理词汇法在品牌人格研究中的应用

心理词汇法源于早期对特质词的研究,它以人们对特定事物进行评价所用的词汇为研究对象,能够概括出看似纷乱复杂的心理词汇的内在规律。在品牌人格研究中,其应用范围主要集中在品牌人格维度的提取和品牌特质的研究两个方面。心理词汇法已经不仅仅局限于对词汇进行整理分析,许多相关学科的研究方法,如反应时方法,内隐态度的测量等都被吸收和利用进来;同时,心理词汇法也被应用到品牌人格的其他相关方面,如品牌延伸,品牌定位等     

Inhibitory Control of Lexical Selection in Adults who Stutter

PurposeBased on previous evidence that lexical selection may operate differently in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically-fluent adults (TFA), and that atypical attentional processing may be a contributing factor, the purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory control of lexical selection in AWS.Method12 AWS and 12 TFA completed two tasks. One was a picture naming task featuring High and Low Agreement object naming. Naming accuracy and reaction times (RT), and event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to picture onset, were recorded. Second was a flanker task featuring Congruent and Incongruent arrow arrays. Push-button accuracy and RTs, and ERPs time-locked to arrow array onset, were recorded.ResultsLow Agreement pictures were named less accurately and slower than High Agreement pictures in both Groups. The magnitude of the Agreement effect on naming RTs was larger in AWS versus TFA. Delta-plot analysis revealed that the Agreement effect was positively correlated with individual differences in inhibition in TFA but not in AWS. Moreover, Low Agreement pictures elicited negative-going ERP activity relative to High Agreement pictures in both Groups. However, the scalp topography of this effect was markedly reduced in AWS versus TFA. For the Flanker task, Congruency affected push-button accuracy and RTs, and N2 amplitudes, similarly between groups.ConclusionsResults point to a selective deficit in inhibitory control of lexical selection in AWS. Potential pathways between diminished inhibitory control of lexical selection, speech motor control and stuttering are discussed.     

先前语境与随后副中央凹预视在词跳读中的相对作用

词跳读促使了阅读高效地进行。被跳读的词主要根据前文语境和副中央凹预视提前得到加工。分析跳读的影响因素可知,相比于语境因素（特别是预测性）和副中央凹词汇因素（如词频）,副中央凹词的视觉词长信息对跳读的影响最大。跳读密切联系当前眼动控制的两大内容,理想的阅读眼动控制模型需区别语境不同信息（即预测性、语义合理性和句法合理性）对跳读的作用。未来可扩展中文跳读的研究,解决中文跳读单元问题及相关争论。