和谐医患环境与公民健康权的保障

在健康权保障体系中,卫生资源配置的公平与效率的失衡是导致现阶段我国公民健康权不平等的关键。而作为一级经济主体的医疗机构,在促进卫生资源配置和享用的公平性作用上,则是无效率的,因此国家应积极运用法律、政策等外部手段,实现其协调性的复位,以服务于建设和谐医患环境的需要。     

临床思维的逻辑性

卫生法制建设是社会主义法治建设的必然要求,也是卫生与经济、社会协调发展的迫切需要;卫生法制建设需要确立科学的认识观和发展观,需要构架现代化发展战略目标。只有这样,才能务实地推进国家与地方区域的卫生法制现代化进程。     

医院的教学任务与患者隐私权的保护

医院在教学中,常会侵害患者的隐私权。实践中,要调和医院的教学任务与患者隐私权保护之间的矛盾,医院应该事先取得患者的同意,在诊疗与教学过程中,尊重患者,增强相互间的信任,同时还可以用“标准化病人”和“模拟化临床教学”的方式给实习生提供实习机会。而解决该问题,最终还得依靠立法的不断完善,以对此提供充分的法律保障。     

Five Licensure Portability Models for the Counseling Profession to Consider

This article presents licensure portability models for the counseling profession to consider. On the basis of a review of licensure portability literature discussed in other professions, the authors found 5 distinctive models: (a) nonprofit organization model, (b) mutual recognition model, (c) federal licensure model, (d) national licensure model, and (e) licensure language model. The article includes examples of professions using the models, application and implications of each model, and a call to the counseling profession for next steps.     

In the Field – The Development of Reasons in Criminal Proceedings

This paper is concerned with argumentation in legal proceedings, namely in criminal cases. My interest is to explore how in the legal realm different argumentation fields interact, the juridical field being just one of them. The paper lays out an approach of studying argumentation in the legal realm in the framework of an ethnographic methodology by identifying the “topical rules” the participants in criminal trials adhere to. Suggesting the notion of field-dependence as a good starting point for the analysis of legal argumentation, I will give several examples of different fields of argumentation interacting in criminal proceedings. The examination of what counts as a good reason and how arguments are employed, negotiated, and evaluated within a criminal proceeding might shed light on the practice of constructing facts and arriving at decisions in court. It can furthermore point at the constitution of legal rationality and how it is produced in criminal trials. I argue that rationality in criminal proceedings is interactively accomplished by negotiating different standards of validity.     

The principle of liberty and legal representation of posterity

This paper considers a guardianship model for the legal representation of future generations. According to this model, national and international courts should be given the competence to appoint guardians for future generations, if agents who care about the welfare of posterity apply for the creation of a guardianship in relation to a dispute that can be resolved by the application of law. This reform would grant guardians of future people legal standing or locus standi before courts, that is, the right to bring an action before a court of law for adjudication. Although the guardianship model faces several difficult theoretical and practical problems pertaining to the representation of different near and distant future generations, it is argued that this model – and certain other legal norms intended to protect future basic needs – can be justified on the basis of the principle of liberty.     

The impact of Roman Catholic moral theology on end-of-life care under the Texas Advance Directives Act.

This essay reviews the Roman Catholic moral tradition surrounding treatments at the end of life together with the challenges presented to that tradition by the Texas Advance Directives Act. The impact on Catholic health care facilities and physicians, and the way in which the moral tradition should be applied under this statute, particularly with reference to the provision dealing with conflicts over end-of-life treatments, will be critically assessed. I will argue, based on the traditional treatment of end-of-life issues, that Catholic physicians and institutions should appeal to the conflict resolution process of the Advance Directives Act only under a limited number of circumstances. The implications, under the Texas statute, of varied interpretations of Pope John Paul II's recent allocution on artificial feeding and hydration in the persistent vegetative state will also be considered.     

伦理豁免刍议

伦理豁免,是在一定的伦理尤其是亲属关系(一定程度上包括朋友关系)中,在究竟是履行伦理的义务、还是履行法律的义务之间,人们陷入紧张冲突甚至两难的情况下,被法律赋予一定的特殊权利,得依法免除法定的义务、责任甚至罪责。中华伦理、中华法系以伦理豁免来解决伦理、法律的矛盾,有宝贵的理论和实践;其中蕴涵的基本价值是,通过维护伦理,从根本上维护社会秩序。伦理豁免对今天解决伦理、法律之两难,仍是宝贵的智慧。     

浅析医生处方权的属性与规范——基于医疗卫生资源微观配置视角的分析

从医疗卫生资源微观配置视角分析,处方权是一种资源配置权力,属于公权力。主要分析了医生处方权的权力来源、医生处方权的职权性质和医生处方权的源权力属性。鉴于此,建立处方权独立行使的保障制度与处方权规范行使的程序控制制度可以有效规范医生处方权的行使。     

Test of the analysis of competing hypotheses in legal decision‐making

The analysis of competing hypotheses (ACH) has been suggested to be a method that can protect against confirmation bias in the context of intelligence analysis. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether ACH could counter confirmation bias in the reasoning with evidence in the context of criminal law proceedings. Law students (N = 191) received information about the ACH method or general information about biases. They were given a case vignette with a main suspect and a list of 24 questions, 6 of which they could ask about the case. Half of the questions related to incriminating information, whereas the other half related to exonerating information. Contrary to our expectations, participants in both conditions favoured questions relating to exonerating information and rated the exonerating evidence as being more important for their decision. Despite the lack of bias observed, it seems participants failed to properly apply the ACH method.