公民情感的法律确认:立法伦理的应有视域

公民情感的法律确认是基于公民行为选择中两难困境的应对之策。这一立法实践有其学理和历史的依据。将公民情感的法律确认纳入立法伦理的视域,将不仅有助于良法的创制,而且还因其逻辑地排除了司法活动的情感障碍和为公民奠定了守法的情感基础而有利于良法的有效实现。     

Buying into the profession: looking at the impact on students of expert videotape demonstrations in counsellor education

From analysing qualitative questionnaires, a group interview, and instructor interviews this study explores the impact of viewing expert demonstration videotapes on students’ learning processes, their identification as counsellors, and understanding of the counselling profession. Commonly, students selectively choose what they see and how they see it. They describe a process of ‘shopping’ and ‘buying into’ specific theoretical, practical, and professional perspectives. Additionally, students give suggestions for the most helpful use of expert demonstration videos in counsellor education. The paper concludes with key questions for further study.     

临床思维的逻辑性

卫生法制建设是社会主义法治建设的必然要求,也是卫生与经济、社会协调发展的迫切需要;卫生法制建设需要确立科学的认识观和发展观,需要构架现代化发展战略目标。只有这样,才能务实地推进国家与地方区域的卫生法制现代化进程。     

和谐医患环境与公民健康权的保障

在健康权保障体系中,卫生资源配置的公平与效率的失衡是导致现阶段我国公民健康权不平等的关键。而作为一级经济主体的医疗机构,在促进卫生资源配置和享用的公平性作用上,则是无效率的,因此国家应积极运用法律、政策等外部手段,实现其协调性的复位,以服务于建设和谐医患环境的需要。     

代孕技术的伦理与法律思考

简要介绍了代孕的概念,指出了在我国有条件开放代孕的合理性。从家庭关系、子宫工具化和婴儿商业化三个方面给出了代孕合理性的伦理依据。从合同法、身体权、生育权三个方面给出了法律的解读。从伦理与法律两方面对我国有条件的开放代孕加以论述,并提出相应对策及理论支持。     

医患关系危机的法律思考

现行调整医患关系的法律制度存在位阶低、效力弱,调整范围窄、操作性差,执法不严、适用法律混乱,鉴定结论公正性低,医患双方守法意识淡薄等问题。构建和谐医患关系需要制定统一法典、扩大立法领域、重建医患纠纷解决机制、调整鉴定机构、建立医疗服务审计制度、加强司法审判与法制教育。     

法律正义与道德正义

进入文明时代以来,社会正义一直是人们追求的基本价值目标.社会正义实质上是对人类社会关系(包括个人之间、群体及组织之间、个人与群体及组织之间的相互关系)的公平性、正当性的确认和捍卫,社会正义通常采取法律形式和道德形式来表达.法律正义是以国家意志的形式来表达的社会关系的规定性,它通过制度规范方式来确认和捍卫公民的合法权益和守法义务.道德正义是以德性和良心的形式来表现的社会关系的规定性,它通过伦理规范的方式来确认和维护公民的伦理权利和道德义务.法律正义是道德正义的基础和保障,因而也是社会正义的底线和起点;道德正义是法律正义的前提和灵魂,因而也是社会正义的理想和目标.构建法律正义与道德正义的良性互动关系.是实现社会正义的有效保证.     

Metadialogues for Resolving Burden of Proof Disputes

In this paper, a solution to the problem of analyzing burden of proof in argumentation is developed by building on the pioneering work of Erik C. W. Krabbe on metadialogues. Three classic cases of burden of proof disputes are analyzed, showing how metadialogue theory can solve the problems they pose. The solution is based on five dialectical requirements: (1) global burden of proof needs to be set at the confrontation stage of a dialogue, (2) there need to be special mechanisms for resolving disputes about burden of proof at all four stages of the dialogue, (3) they are especially significant during the argumentation stage, where burden of proof often shifts back and forth at each move, (4) such local shifts need to be partly regulated by the global burden of proof already set, and (5) the connection between burden of proof and the speech act of making a presumption in a dialogue needs to be clarified.     

医学职业潜规则的“去魅”

颠覆医学职业潜规则是一个值得深入讨论的重大课题。颠覆医学职业潜规则需要系统治理,而其前提条件便是对医学职业潜规则进行伦理学批判,尤其是对与其流行密切相关且收益不浅的群体在认识上进行"去魅",使人们真正认识到它的实质与危害即不合理性,如此才有可能谈颠覆问题。     

无过错输血感染法律责任的承担

现行法律、法规规定,无过错输血感染的法律责任采取过错责任归责原则,意味着当医患双方均无过错而又造成输血感染的损害后果时,完全由患者承担损害后果,这种规定无法体现公平、公正的法律精神。无过错输血感染法律责任应当规定为公平责任,这样才能更好地既保护医方利益又保护患方利益。