Who Belongs to Me? Social Relationship and Personality Characteristics in the Transition to Young Adulthood

Not much is known about how social network characteristics change in the transition out of school and what role Big Five personality plays in this context. The aim of this paper was twofold. First, we explored changes in social network and relationship characteristics across the transition out of secondary school. Second, we examined within‐person and between‐person effects of personality on these social network changes. Results based on a series of multilevel models to a longitudinal sample of 2287 young adults revealed four main findings. First, social networks increased in size, and this increase was mainly due to a larger number of nonkin. Stable social networks during the transition consisted mainly of family ties but were generally characterized by high closeness. Second, extraversion and openness consistently predicted network size, whereas agreeableness predicted network overlap. Third, increases in emotional closeness were found only for kin; closeness was generally lower for unstable relationships. Fourth, changes in emotional closeness were related to personality, particularly neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness for stable relationships; for unstable relationships, however, closeness was related to extraversion and openness. The article concludes by discussing the role of personality for social relationship development and the active moulding of social networks in young adulthood. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology     

The You Turn

This introductory paper sets out a framework for approaching some of the claims about the second person made by the papers collected in the special edition of Philosophical Explorations on The Second Person (2014, 17:3). It does so by putting centre stage the notion of a ‘bipolar second person relation’, and examining ways of giving it substance suggested by the authors of these papers. In particular, it focuses on claims made (and denied) in these papers (a) about the existence and/or nature of second person thought, second person reasons for action and second person reasons for belief and (b) about possible connections among thought-theoretical, ethical and epistemological issues and debates in this area.     

THE ANALYST'S WAY OF BEING: RECOGNIZING SEPARABLE SUBJECTIVITIES AND THE PENDULUM'S SWING

Whether the analyst finds the patient's emerging transference affectively tolerable or intolerable plays an important role in the analytic couple's negotiation of the configuration that the transference‐countertransference relationship ultimately assumes. If the analyst is deeply repelled by transference‐related roles to which he is assigned, patient‐ascribed attributions, or projection‐drenched interactions, he may react in violent protest, engaging in enactments that say more about his separable subjectivity than about the intersubjective situation. While there has been a recent trend to view enactments as a crucial aspect of psychoanalytic technique, this trend risks overlooking the way in which the analyst's way of being comes into play in the treatment.     

医疗情感计算应用的多维困境及其法治实现

情感计算技术依托算法的数据处理能力和自主学习能力已经在医疗健康领域有所实践。但由于医疗领域的特殊性,情感计算技术医疗应用过程中存在着道德合理性风险、规制盲区以及技术羁绊等多重隐患,亟须法律规制。首先,应当坚守“拟主体”身份的道德底线,追求伦理与法治的最佳耦合;其次,应构建权责明晰的算法责任嵌入机制,建立多元协同的算法权力治理机制;最后,应建立健全医疗情感计算技术审查机制,完善情感计算算法风险等级治理体系。

     

第三方医学检验机构法律问题研究——从两个典型判例的实证研究切入

第三方医学检验机构主要从美国兴起,我国的第三方医学检验机构随着医疗改革的深入也在迅猛发展。但是比起医疗机构附设的医学检验部门,第三方医学检验机构是独立的法人主体,因此与患者和医疗机构之间形成多元法律关系。通过整理涉医学检验机构诉讼纠纷发现,法律实践中主要存在两类典型的法律问题：一类是法理或法律可以予以解决的问题,但解决的结果无法达到案结事了或者公平公正,这类问题源于实践超出理论的复杂性;另一类是落入法律或法理的“间隙”,在理论上存疑的问题。诉诸法律来解决的这些问题虽然还未能成为第三方医学检验机构发展的重要风险,但是所展现出来的问题都具有相当的典型性和代表性。

     

非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪的解释学审视——对立法批判论的回应

非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪设立后,学界存有部分反对观点认为本罪分则位置及实行行为的规定存在问题。基于解释论的立场,本罪保护法益为基因库安全、人性尊严以及公共卫生管理秩序,立法通过对形式法益的保护一并实现了对实质法益的保护,且公共卫生管理秩序是主要法益,故本罪在刑法分则中的体系位置无可厚非。因为“植入人或动物子宫”的行为是实现生殖系基因编辑或生殖性克隆目的的必经阶段,所以本罪实行行为的规定在技术层面上彻底断绝了被基因编辑、克隆的细胞发育成存活个体的机会,从而达到了对该犯罪行为规制的立法目的。

     

输入型脑机接口技术临床应用的法律规制研究

输入型脑机接口技术的临床应用为神经和精神类疾病患者带来健康福祉。然而该技术涉及对大脑神经元活动的影响与改变,产生新的法律问题,尚未引起立法的重视。立法滞后的根源是对精神领域保护的忽视、对技术不确定性双重面向的忽视,以及大脑信息特殊性的忽视。对此,应当确立精神完整法益的立法保护;完善输入型脑机接口技术临床应用过程中的知情同意;对大脑信息进行特殊保护。从而保护患者的自我决定权、精神完整性、隐私权,实现患者最佳利益。

     

为病患代购管制药品的情与法冲突及化解路径

为病患代购管制药品的案件在刑法上往往面临情与法的冲突。司法机关不愿意、却不得不定罪,只能在量刑时突破法律框架,尽量从轻。在刑法的实质解释下,为病患代购管制药品不成立贩卖毒品罪、非法经营罪或妨害药品管理罪,应处无罪。在刑事个案中,“情理”虽不能直接介入,但对刑法体系的适用具有批判功能。当“法理”分析的结论与公众的法直觉相违背时,应当检讨“法理”之适用过程是否出错,使刑事个案体现刑法正义,实现情与法的统一。

     

School Counselors’ General Self-Efficacy,Ethical and Legal Self-Efficacy,and Ethical and Legal Knowledge

School counselors encounter ethical and legal situations that necessitate the knowledge and confidence to apply decision-making skills. We report the findings from a correlational investigation that examines practicing school counselors’ (N = 287) ethical and legal self-efficacy, ethical and legal knowledge, and general self-efficacy. Higher ethical and legal self-efficacy was associated with higher general self-efficacy and ethical and legal knowledge. The implications of these findings are discussed.