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181.
R. G. Scofield 《Argumentation》2006,20(1):1-14
The author argues that simple constructive dilemma is a valuable argument form for reasoning under relative conditions of uncertainty. When applied to legal argument this value of simple constructive dilemma is shown in its political, strategic, rhetorical, and especially economic, uses by lawyers and judges. After considering some examples of the use of the form by trial lawyers, the author gives examples of the more interesting use of the form by appellate courts. Research into the use of simple constructive dilemma by appellate courts helps us to understand how those courts distribute judicial resources. It also helps us to understand the political role of the appellate courts with respect to the doctrine of the separation of powers. Given some of the specific examples of legal reasoning used by the appellate courts presented in this article, and given the discussion of the doctrine of precedent, the article’s focus is on common law legal systems of the Anglo-American-type. 相似文献
182.
医疗市场化失败后的法律和伦理思考 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
欧运祥 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2006,27(1):26-28
法律上对于医疗机构的民事主体定位,虽然暂时满足了医疗市场化的需要,但却淡化了医疗机构所应承担的公共伦理职责.私权与公共伦理之间的剧烈冲突,最终使得医疗市场化走向终结. 相似文献
183.
论英美医事法立法体系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国现阶段的有关医疗方面的法律、法规,在整个医疗卫生活动中起到了规范和制约的作用,但仍不完善。了解国外医事立法的历史和现状,有利于我国医事立法工作的开展。从英美法系医事立法出发,对英美法系的医事立法进行讲解和论述,从而起到借鉴的作用。 相似文献
184.
Peter Cane 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(1-2):21-51
The famous mid-20th century debate between Patrick Devlin and Herbert Hart about the relationship between law and morality
addressed the limits of the criminal law in the context of a proposal by the Wolfenden Committee to decriminalize male homosexual
activity in private. The original exchanges and subsequent contributions to the debate have been significantly constrained
by the terms in which the debate was framed: a focus on criminal law in general and sexual offences in particular; a preoccupation
with the so-called “harm principle,” a sharp delineation of the realms of law and morality, and a static conception of the
relationship between them. This article explores the limitations imposed by these various starting-points and argues for a
holistic and symbiotic understanding of the relationship between law and morality.
* Thanks to Tony Connolly, Leighton McDonald and Niki Lacey for penetrating and suggestive comments on previous versions. 相似文献
185.
The strengths and virtues identified by positive psychology are treated as logically independent, and it is recommended that
people identify their “signature” strengths and cultivate them, because more of a strength is better [Peterson and Seligman:
2004, Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification (Oxford University Press, New York); Seligman: 2002,
Authentic Happiness (Free Press, New York)]. The present paper contrasts that view with the Aristotelian view that virtues
are interdependent, that happiness (eudaimonia) requires all the virtues, and that more of a virtue is not always better than less. We argue that practical wisdom is the
master virtue essential to solving problems of specificity, relevance, and conflict that inevitably arise whenever character
strengths must be translated into action in concrete situations. We also argue that practical wisdom is becoming increasingly
difficult to nurture and display in modern society, so that attention must be paid to reshaping social institutions to encourage
the use of practical wisdom rather than inhibiting it. 相似文献
186.
Satoshi Shimai Keiko Otake Nansook Park Christopher Peterson Martin E. P. Seligman 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2006,7(3):311-322
We investigated cultural influences on the distribution of character strengths, gender differences in character strengths,
and the relationship of happiness to character strengths. Young adults from the United States (n=1099) and Japan (n=308) completed the English or Japanese versions of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths. American and Japanese showed
similar distributions of the 24 strengths measured: Higher strengths included love, humor and kindness, and lesser strengths
included prudence, self-regulation, and modesty. Gender differences across cultures were also similar: Females were more likely
than males to report strengths of love and kindness, whereas males were more likely to report bravery and creativity. In both
samples, associations with happiness were found for zest, hope, curiosity and gratitude. The present study is a first step
in an international study of character strengths, and we discuss the ubiquity and variation of character across culture. 相似文献
187.
以字形相似的汉字为启动字,探讨字形信息激活在汉字识别中的时间进程。实验1采用命名任务考察三种启动时间条件下是否存在字形启动效应,结果发现当启动时间为35ms时,出现稳定的字形启动效应。实验2采用眼动记录法考察阅读过程中的快速启动,结果在三种启动时间条件下均未发现显著的启动效应。 相似文献
188.
Steven Brown Matthew Berry Ember Dawes Alessia Hughes Carmen Tu 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2019,31(3):326-342
The current study set out to examine how the presence or absence of depicted characters in visual narratives influences the degree of character-related content in improvised stories. The experiment consisted of trials of oral storytelling that were prompted by wordless comics. The degree of character content in the storylines was varied from being character-based—showing people engaging in social interactions—to being characterless, for example scenes depicting natural phenomena. An intermediate “character-implied” condition was also investigated, exemplified by the scene of a tornado passing through a town, where no people were depicted but in which their presence was strongly suggested. Linguistic content analysis of 472 stories demonstrated indistinguishable use of third-person pronouns (she/he) between character-implied and character-containing scenarios. An analysis of character presence demonstrated that storytellers inserted protagonists into the character-implied stories as vehicles for the actions taking place. This phenomenon reveals the character-driven nature of story creation. 相似文献
189.
190.