不同留守时间下儿童公正感的特点及其与主观幸福感的关系

采用公正感问卷,生活满意度问卷和积极/消极情感问卷,选取5-8年级565名留守儿童和640名非留守儿童进行调查,探讨不同留守时间下儿童公正感的特点及其与主观幸福感(生活满意度,积极情感,消极情感)的关系。结果表明:(1)不同留守时间下,儿童的公正感得分存在边缘显著性差异(p=0.055);(2)总体上,留守儿童的公正感得分显著低于非留守儿童。具体讲,留守4年半以下和4年半～10年,儿童的公正感得分均显著低于非留守儿童;留守10年以上的儿童公正感得分和非留守儿童不存在差异;(3)各留守时间下,公正感对于生活满意度、积极情感均具有显著地正向预测作用,但对于消极情感仅在特定时间具有显著负向预测作用。表明,留守时间是影响儿童公正感特点及其和主观幸福感关系的重要因素。     

高血压左室肥厚的QT离散度及左室Tei指数的关系探讨

心脏是最常见的高血压损伤靶器官,首先引起左心室肥厚,然后导致心功能下降,并可导致心律失常。高血压患者中约有1/3会出现左室肥厚（LVH）,可致心血管病事件发病率增加,病死率升高,是猝死、冠心病和充血性心力衰竭的独立的、主要的危险因素和预后信号。QT间期离散度（QTd）是反映心室肌复极的不均匀性和电不稳定性预测恶性室性心...     

左利手及其形成机制:生理、病理及心理学的视角

与右利手相比,左利手在人口中占少数,并且具有明显的性别差异,男性比女性多。左利手有时会表现出认知缺陷,同时在某些领域也具有优势。左利手形成机制比较复杂,既有遗传影响,也有生理、病理方面的原因,可能的因素包括早期脑损伤,各种出生风险因素,以及孕期激素水平等,还具有深刻的心理、社会根源。     

Endorsement of sexist ideology in Taiwan and the United States: Social dominance orientation,right‐wing authoritarianism,and deferential family norms

Despite close relationships between men and women in daily lives, gender inequality is ubiquitous and often supported by sexist ideology. The understanding of potential bases of sexist ideology is thus important. According to Duckitt's dual‐process model (2001), different worldviews may explain different types of sexist ideology. Individuals who hold a “competitive world” worldview tend to endorse group‐based dominance. This lends itself to the endorsement of hostile sexism, because hostile sexism is an obvious form of male dominance. Conversely, individuals who hold a “dangerous world” worldview tend to adhere to social cohesion, collective security, and social traditions. This lends itself to the endorsement of benevolent sexism, because benevolent sexism values women who conform to gender norms. As predicted by Duckitt's model, research has shown that social dominance orientation, a general orientation towards the endorsement of group‐based dominance, is closely associated with hostile sexism. Furthermore, right‐wing authoritarianism, which measures adherence to social traditions, is closely associated with benevolent sexism. Due to the interdependent nature of gender relationships, the current research proposed that a relationship‐based belief in hierarchy, deferential family norms, and norms depicting proper manners among family members should predict the endorsement of hostile and benevolent sexism, after controlling for social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism. As predicted, according to student samples collected in Taiwan and the US, the endorsement of deferential family norms predicted the endorsement of hostile sexism and of benevolent sexism, respectively. In addition, among men and women, social dominance orientation predicted hostile sexism more strongly (as opposed to benevolent sexism), whereas right‐wing authoritarianism predicted benevolent sexism more strongly (as opposed to hostile sexism). Implications regarding relationship norms, social dominance orientation, right‐wing authoritarianism, and sexist ideology are discussed.     

Social Dominance Orientation and Right‐Wing Authoritarianism: Additive and Interactive Effects on Political Conservatism

It is commonly accepted that social dominance orientation (SDO) and right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) are potent unique predictors of a variety of prejudice and prejudice‐related constructs. However, contrary to some predictions, there has been little evidence that these constructs interact to produce this outcome—they appear to be additive but not interactive in their prediction of prejudice. We extend the interaction hypothesis to consideration of another broadly relevant construct—political ideology. Drawing from 14 independent New Zealand–based samples, we show, through meta‐analysis and multilevel random coefficient modelling, that SDO and RWA additively and interactively predict levels of political conservatism operationalised in a variety of ways. Specifically, both constructs are associated with increasing political conservatism, and the lowest levels of conservatism (or highest levels of political liberalism) are found in those lowest in both SDO and RWA.     

An application of a Theorem of Ash to finite covers

The technique of covers is now well established in semigroup theory. The idea is, given a semigroup S, to find a semigroup having a better understood structure than that of S, and an onto morphism of a specific kind from to S. With the right conditions on , the behaviour of S is closely linked to that of . If S is finite one aims to choose a finite . The celebrated results for inverse semigroups of McAlister in the 1970s form the flagship of this theory.Weakly left quasi-ample semigroups form a quasivariety (of algebras of type(2, 1)), properly containing the classes of groups, and of inverse, left ample, and weakly left ample semigroups. We show how the existence of finite proper covers for semigroups in this quasivariety is a consequence of Ashs powerful theorem for pointlike sets. Our approach is to obtain a cover of a weakly left quasi-ample semigroup S as a subalgebra of S × G, where G is a group. It follows immediately from the fact that weakly left quasi-ample semigroups form a quasivariety, that is weakly left quasi-ample. We can then specialise our covering results to the quasivarieties of weakly left ample, and left ample semigroups. The latter have natural representations as (2, 1)-subalgebras of partial (one-one) transformations, where the unary operation takes a transformation to the identity map in the domain of . In the final part of this paper we consider representations of weakly left quasi-ample semigroups.This work was supported by the London Mathematical Society, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Centro de Álgebra da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto and projects POCTI/32440/MAT/2000 and POCTI/32817/Mat/2000 of FEDER.Special issue of Studia Logica: Algebraic Theory of Quasivarieties Presented by M. E. Adams, K. V. Adaricheva, W. Dziobiak, and A. V. Kravchenko     

Different Anaphoric Expressions Are Investigated by Event-Related Brain Potentials

Event-related potentials were recorded to substantiate the claim of a distinct psycholinguistic status of (a) pronouns vs. proper names and (b) ellipses vs. proper names. In two studies 41 students read sentences in which the number of intervening words between the anaphor and its antecedent was either small or large. Comparing the far with the near distance condition revealed anaphor resolution specific effects: Ellipses triggered a potential shift with a short latency (approximately 120-200 ms) and with a fronto-central scalp distribution while pronouns and proper names triggered one with a longer latency (approximately 360-440 ms) and a parietal to right-occipital distribution. The early effect resembled the left-anterior negativity which has been related to syntax processing, while the latter resembled an N400 which is assumed to reflect semantic integration processes. These findings support the idea that ellipses and pronouns/proper names are processed by distinct mechanisms being implemented in distinct cortical cell assemblies.     

The influence of vestibular system and fetal presentation on handedness,cognitive and motor development: A comparison between cephalic and breech presentation

Genetics are undoubtedly implicated in the ontogenesis of laterality. Nonetheless, environmental factors, such as the intrauterine environment, may also play a role in the development of functional and behavioral lateralization. The aim of this study was to test the Left-Otolithic Dominance Theory (LODT; Previc, 1991) by investigating a hypothetical developmental pattern where it is assumed that a breech presentation, which is putatively associated with a dysfunctional and weakly lateralized vestibular system, can lead to weak handedness and atypical development associated with language and motor difficulties. We used the ALSPAC cohort of children from 7 to 10 years of age to conduct our investigation. Our results failed to show an association between the vestibular system and fetal presentation, nor any influence of the latter on hand preference, hand performance, or language and motor development. Bayesian statistical analyses supported these findings. Contrary to our LODT-derived hypotheses, this study offers evidence that fetal presentation does not influence the vestibular system's lateralization and seems to be a poor indicator for handedness. Nonetheless, we found that another non-genetic factor, prematurity, could lead to atypical development of handedness.     

荷苞牡丹碱对雏鸡单眼视剥夺后记忆形成过程的改善作用

了雏鸡左眼视剥夺２小时后,进行一次性被动回避学习的记忆形成过程;以及ｒ一氨基丁酸（ｒ－ａｍｉｎｏ－ｂｕｔｙｒｉｃａｃｉｄＧＡＢＡ）的受体颉颌颃剂荷苞牡丹碱（ｂｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｉｎｅＢｉｃ）,对雏鸡左眼视剥夺后记忆形成过程的改善作用。实验结果表明：１．雏鸡左眼视剥夺２小时后,仅能形成较好的短时记忆,中时记忆和长时记忆难以形成;２．训练前１０分钟颅内注射荷苞牡丹碱,对雏鸡左眼视剥夺２小时后的记忆缺失有明显的改善作用,形成了较好的中时记忆和长时记忆。     

The Humdrum of Rhetorics: A Reply to Durrheim's "Theoretical Conundrum"

Durrheim's core argument appears upon close inspection not to be very convincing, nor his use of rhetoric. His argument is now shown from the—presumably exemplary—four theories, he cites. He unwarrantly strengthens his argument by preselection, overgeneralization, oversimplification, and by confusing and misconceiving key concepts, and using an arbitrary selection of theories. His suggestion that he knows the vast literature of authoritarianism is not substantiated, considering the unbalanced use of citations, some along the line of Jaensch, Ray and Eysenck. Rhetoric is portrayed as an alternative scientific method, but seems in this way rather to regress into a neodogmatic approach devoid of empirical testing and emancipatory content.