Stomaching rejection: Self-compassion and self-esteem moderate the impact of daily social rejection on restrictive eating behaviours among college women

Objective: The present study examined whether having high self-esteem or a self-compassionate perspective help mitigate the impact of daily social rejection on negative affect and restrictive eating behaviours.

Design: Following a baseline survey assessing self-esteem and self-compassion, 121 college women completed online daily diaries for one week.

Main Outcome Measures: Negative affect and restrictive eating behaviours.

Results: On days when women reported more rejection, they also reported higher restrictive eating behaviours and greater negative affect. Effects were moderated by self-esteem and self-compassion, such that the lower participants were in self-esteem or self-compassion, the stronger the positive relation between rejection and negative affect and restrictive eating. However, only the common humanity/isolation dimension of self-compassion significantly moderated daily effects of rejection when controlling for self-esteem. Mediated moderation results reveal different mechanisms by which self-esteem and self-compassion buffer against rejections’ effects on affect and restrictive eating.

Conclusion: Self-compassion and self-esteem influence the complex impact that social rejection has on affect and restrictive eating. More than other dimensions of self-compassion or self-esteem, remembering one’s common humanity can result in a healthier response to social rejection.     

The analyst: His professional novel1

The psychoanalyst needs to be in touch with a community of colleagues; he needs to feel part of a group with which he can share cognitive tension and therapeutic knowledge. Yet group ties are an aspect we analysts seldom discuss. The author defi nes the analyst's ‘professional novel’ as the emotional vicissitudes with the group that have marked the professional itinerary of every analyst; his relationship with institutions and with theories, and the emotional nuance of these relationships. The analyst's professional novel is the narrative elaboration of his professional autobiography. It is capable of transforming the individual's need to belong and the paths of identifi cation and deidentifi cation. Experience of the oedipal confi guration allows the analyst to begin psychic work aimed at gaining spaces of separateness in his relationship with the group. This passage is marked by the work on mourning that separation involves, but also of mourning implicit in the awareness of the representative limits of our theories. Right from the start of analysis, the patient observes the emotional nuance of the analyst's connection to his group and theories; the patient notices how much this connection is governed by rigid needs to belong, and how much freedom of thought and exploration it allows the analyst. The author uses clinical examples to illustrate these hypotheses.     

行为遗传学研究之新进展

自上世纪80年代以来,行为遗传学取得了长足的进展。在定量遗传学方面,共享环境和非共享环境概念的引入深化了人们对环境作用的认识;对于环境和遗传关系,不仅认识到基因型-环境的交互作用可能存在三种形式,还揭示出遗传对环境测量的影响——基因型-环境的相关。分子遗传学作为新兴的研究途径,目前以寻找基因为主,将来则以认识基因如何工作为重。行为遗传学的发展前景将是定量遗传学和分子遗传学以行为基因组学为中心的整合。     

从医疗语言看医学特质

语言是人类的生存方式之一,医学也是人类的生存方式之一.语言与医学的相通和交融,形成了一门新的交叉性、应用性、边缘性学科--医疗语言学.在医疗环境里,透过人类最活跃、最直接、最形象性的语言,可以深切感受到医疗过程中的人文关怀和医学的人文本质.     

认知需要与战略决策过程之间的关系

认知需要指人们在信息加工过程中是否愿意投入周密的心考以及能否从深入的思考中获得享受．它反映的是人的认知动机。由于企业管理者在决策过程中涉及诸多处理信息和思考问题的环节,认知需要必然在这一过程中起作用。本研究运用情境案例法探讨了在不确定环境下决策者的认知需要与其在战略决策过程中分析环境和判断战略导向的关系。通过相关分析发现高认知需要者在决策过程中更倾向于关注环境、对环境做出积极判断、强调从长远和全面的角度去分析企业战略。     

Teaching Pedestrian Skills to Individuals with Developmental Disabilities

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of most to least prompting on teaching pedestrian skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. Five individuals with developmental disabilities were taught three different pedestrian skills, all related to crossing the streets, using simulation activities on a road model in the gym of their school. A multiple probe design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effects of most to least prompting. The results of the study revealed that most to least prompting was effective in teaching pedestrian skills. The subjects learned each of the skills and managed to generalize these skills to the actual city traffic.     

家庭文化资本对幼儿数学学习的影响

本研究对来自上海市的590个中、大班幼儿家庭进行问卷调查,旨在了解家庭文化资本对幼儿数学学习的影响。结果表明：作为家庭客体化文化资本的家庭文化环境和作为家庭身体化文化资本的幼儿家长数学教导信念对幼儿的家庭数学学习经验有直接的影响作用;作为家庭制度化文化资本的家庭教育背景则通过家庭文化环境和幼儿家长的数学教导信念对幼儿家庭数学学习经验有间接的影响作用。     

城镇化进程中农民工子女心理发展研究

农村留守儿童和城乡流动儿童的心理适应不仅关系着其自身的健康发展与素质提升,对整个社会的和谐与稳定也具有重要意义。自2004年以来,我们对农村留守儿童和城乡流动儿童心理发展的基本状况、发展环境、影响因素及其内部机制等问题进行了长期研究,本文将对我们多年来在该领域取得的研究成果进行梳理,主要阐述三个方面的问题:留守与流动,哪种处境对儿童的发展更有利;流动环境对儿童心理发展带来的压力与挑战,即流动儿童的城市适应状况及其影响机制;留守环境下儿童的心理适应状况,以及改善留守儿童情绪和行为适应问题的影响机制。最后,结合当前研究现状,提出了下一步研究的建议。