Bringing a mentalizing framework to understanding mothers with addiction: The groundbreaking work of Nancy E. Suchman

Nancy Suchman is remembered as a pioneer whose mentalization-based intervention—Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO)—transformed the treatment of parents struggling with substance use disorders. Specifically, Suchman's work highlighted the neural mechanisms underlying substance use disorders and identified the promotion of parental mentalizing as a key therapeutic focus in enhancing early parent-child relationships. Her work transformed parenting support models for this population of parents. Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) show the effectiveness of MIO in promoting parental reflective functioning (PRF) and positive relational outcomes in parents with substance use disorders and their children. Suchman's MIO model has since been extended to parenting in many contexts. She is also remembered as a generous colleague, a gifted researcher and clinician, and an inspiration to generations of researchers and practitioners working with parents who aspire to raise healthy, secure children despite multiple challenges and adversities. This special issue compiles the work of researchers inspired by Suchman as they carry on her legacy in examining aspects of parental mentalization. Collectively, the research presented yields confirmation of MIO core assumptions, offers new insights into roles of positive sentiment and savoring in mentalization processes, and presents evaluations of MIO in multiple contexts and with new adaptations.     

Type development in childhood and beyond

This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual’s control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities.     

L’internalisation des stéréotypes chez les « petits » fonctionnaires : impact du contact avec le public et du prestige perçu

This paper focuses on the internalization of stereotypes among French office workers in the lower category (category C). More precisely, we investigated the impact of two independent factors on this internalization of stereotypes: the perceived external prestige and public contact. Results obtained using questionnaires completed by 175 office workers have mainly showed that, in accordance with previous studies, the external prestige perceived influence significantly the internalization of stereotypes. But, contrary to previous studies, the frequency of contacts with the public has no impact on the internalization of stereotypes in our sample. Our results invite furter work on this population of office employees who is, paradoxically, increasingly confronted with stereotypes but subject of very few studies.     

French adaptation of the Attentional Control Scale: Confirmatory factor analyses and relationship with trait anxiety and efficiency of orienting,alerting, and executive control attentional networks

BackgroundThe Attentional Control Scale (ACS) is a self-report questionnaire that measures individual differences in attentional control.ObjectiveThis study compared four models of the French version of the ACS and examined its links to trait anxiety and three attentional networks (orienting, alerting, and executive control) measured with the Attention Network Test (ANT).ResultsConfirmatory analyses conducted with a sample of 284 university students supported a two-factor (focusing and shifting) model. For 59 participants who completed the ANT, we found a positive correlation between focusing and the executive control network, while shifting was negatively correlated with alerting and orienting. Trait anxiety was negatively correlated with focusing and the alerting and executive control networks.ConclusionResults are discussed with a view to improving the assessment of attentional control, a key executive dimension for emotion regulation and attentional disengagement in anxiety.     

Influences on my clinical practice and identity. Jungian analysis on the couch–what and where is the truth of it?

The author considers the various influences that have shaped his clinical practice and particular identity as a Jungian analyst. It is hoped that the sharing of these observations will, like a shard of a hologram, reflect aspects of the Jungian community as a whole. The author also attempts to put Jungian analysis ‘on the couch’ by looking at the current debate in the Journal between traditional and relational psychoanalysis. This is compared to the discourse that philosophy has been struggling with for centuries concerning the nature of truth.     

Facteurs d’invention,de dissémination et de diffusion d’une innovation : leçons d’une triple étude de cas

The aim of this article is to identify the factors facilitating the invention, dissemination and diffusion phases of the innovation process. An action-research was conducted in a hospital setting using mixed methods (participant observation, interviews and questionnaires). A triple case study illustrated the invention of a change management methodology, its dissemination using an interactive learning strategy and its diffusion within and outside the organization. Ten factors from various research traditions emerged. No model was able to explain all factors facilitating one phase. Phases of the innovation process were carried out dynamically, as a continuously reactivated process.     

El reconocimiento de emociones a través de la voz

RESUMEN

Este artículo constituye un intento de evaluar la exactitud con que los sujetos pueden reconocer cuatro estados emocionales básicos -alegría, tristeza, miedo y cólera- a partir de la información vocal no verbal del habla. Para ello los sujetos fueron expuestos a una misma frase de contenido neutro repetida por un actor profesional simulando los cuatro estados emocionales básicos y un estado neutro. Se pretende también evaluar la contribución relativa de un parámetro acústico concreto: el perfil de tono en el reconocimiento emocional a través de la presentación de frases neutras cuyos valores en el perfil de tono fueron artificialmente aproximados a los de las frases juzgadas como emocionales mediante la utilización de técnicas de procesamiento y síntesis digital de voz (modelo LPC). Los resultados indican que los rasgos vocales no verbales del habla transmiten la suficiente información como para permitir altos porcentajes de acierto en la identificación de las cuatro categorías emocionales manejadas. Asimismo, los sujetos fueron capaces de reconocer las emociones de tristeza y cólera a partir únicamente de sus perfiles de tono característicos.     

La intervención psicológica en el SUMMA 112 tras los atentados del 11-M en Madrid

Resumen

Este trabajo describe la creación y puesta en marcha del Dispositivo Especial de Atención Psicológica en el Servicio de Urgencia Médica de Madrid (SUMMA 112), tras los atentados terroristas del 11 de marzo de 2004 en Madrid. Se detallan además las intervenciones psicológicas realizadas, de acuerdo con los principios de inmediatez y proximidad de la intervención en crisis, por vía telefónica y en el domicilio del afectado. Asimismo, se diseñó un protocolo de seguimiento que comenzó a aplicarse tres meses después de los atentados, a una muestra de 250 personas que habían solicitado atención psicológica al Dispositivo. Los resultados iniciales arrojan un 64% de víctimas directas con estrés postraumático.     

Mejoras en la calibración de la comprensión

Resumen

En el proceso de adquisición y recuerdo de información, un aspecto fundamental es el de la supervisión de la comprensión. Entre las posibles formas de evaluarla están la “calibración de la comprensión” (medida de la relación de los pronósticos y la actuación real), el “sesgo” y la “precisión”. Las investigaciones sobre el tema indican que la calibración, aunque distinta de 0, es deficiente; en cuanto al sesgo, se aprecia un generalizado sentimiento de hiper confianza en diferentes tareas y grupos. Por eso, en esta investigación se han utilizado diferentes recursos para incrementar la calibración: aplazamiento de los pronósticos (diez minutos), presentación de items similares a los de la prueba final y feedback autogenerado o externo. Las conclusiones que podemos extraer de los datos son: la calibración de la comprensión es limitada y no se incrementa significativamente mediante el aplazamiento de las estimaciones. La contestación de las preguntas y las dos formas de feedback mejoran la calibración; las mejoras son superiores en el feedback autogenerado; en todos los casos, los sujetos con inferior nivel lector mejoran la calibración más que los d comprensión superior.