Couple Relationship Education at the Transition to Parenthood: A Window of Opportunity to Reach High‐Risk Couples

This study evaluated if the transition to parenthood is a window of opportunity to provide couple relationship education (CRE) to new parents at high risk for future relationship problems. Fifty‐three percent of eligible couples approached agreed to participate in CRE and of these 80% had not previously accessed CRE. Couples were a broad representative of Australian couples having their first child, but minority couples were underrepresented. A third of couples had three or more risk factors for future relationship distress (e.g., cohabiting, interpartner violence, elevated psychological distress, unplanned pregnancy). Low education was the only risk factor that predicted drop out. The transition to parenthood is a window of opportunity to recruit certain types of high‐risk couples to CRE.     

Reflexiones sobre la asistencia psicológica y psicoterapéutica a los afectados por el Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico (SAT)

RESUMEN

En este artículo se pone de manifiesto la determinación plurifactorial de los trastornos, en general, y del síndrome del aceite tóxico, en particular, y la imposibilidad de entenderlos a partir de los modelos mecanicistas dominantes en otros tiempos en la Psicología clínica y la medicina. Se realiza una reflexión sobre las características socioculturale s del grupo afectado por SAT, así como, las características físicas y psíquicas de dicho grupo. Para posteriormente proponer un modelo del análisis e intervención a este colectivo desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, centrado en este caso en los factores psicológicos.     

Apego al lugar,identidad de lugar,sentido de comunidad y participación en un contexto de renovación urbana

Resumen

Este artículo se centra en la participación de vecinos en los asuntos locales (actividades en el barrio, implicación en entidades locales, pertenencia a grupos vecinales) para explicar los vínculos socioespaciales (apego al lugar, identidad de lugar y sentido de comunidad) que ocurren a nivel de barrio. La relación de la participación con el apego al lugar y el sentido de comunidad es explorada en barrios en los que se está llevando a cabo un proceso participativo de regeneración urbana inserto en el programa “Quiero mi barrio” promovido por el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo chileno. Se seleccionaron cinco barrios (Valparaíso e Illapel, Chile), en los que se aplicaron escalas de apego al lugar, identidad de lugar, sentido de comunidad y participación a una muestra de 995 personas. Los resultados muestran que la participación local está relacionada con el apego al lugar a través del sentido de comunidad.     

Success breeds success,especially when self-efficacy is related with an internal attribution of causality

Resumen

Se exponen algunas observaciones críticas sobre la concepción de la imitación que se suele asumir actualmente en la psicología comparada, ya sea desde perspectivas neopiagetianas, ya sea desde perspectivas más cercanas a la psicología evolucionista. Se sintetizan las premisas desde las cuales ambas estudian la imitación y se recurre a la tradición constructivista en busca de elementos a partir de los cuales valorar las ideas contemporáneas y bosquejar las condiciones de posibilidad de una teoría psicológica de la imitación, entendiendo por tal la que no concibe los procesos imitativos en términos de copias “mentales” de lo que la cultura pone a disposición de los sujetos. Contra la tendencia de numerosos autores que reservan la “verdadera imitación” a la especie humana, tal teoría exige reconocer auténticas capacidades imitativas en otros animales     

Passive leadership,role stressors,and affective organizational commitment: A time-lagged study among health care employees

IntroductionThis study examines the relationships of passive leadership and role stressors to affective organizational commitment among hospital employees.ObjectiveThis study's objective was to understand the mediating effect of role stressors (conflict, overload, and ambiguity) in the relation between passive leadership and affective organizational commitment.MethodWe used a structural equation modeling approach on a sample of 185 hospital employees and a time-lagged design in which predictor and mediators were assessed at Time 1 and affective organizational commitment was obtained 3 years later.ResultsFindings revealed that passive leadership was positively related to all three role stressors and that role ambiguity fully mediated a negative relationship between passive leadership and affective organizational commitment. Moreover, the relationship between passive leadership and role conflict was stronger when role overload was high.ConclusionThis study suggests organizations should strive to limit the emergence of passive leadership behaviors among supervisors due to their detrimental effects on the long-term development of affective commitment via role ambiguity.     

Much Ado About Something: An Ethic of the Common Good for Information Technology

As the culture of information technology grows and with it the exacerbation of associated problems, so does the body of literature that seeks to reflect on its impact and prospects. The advancements in information technology tend to be outpacing critical reflection and solid ethical analysis. The quality of the foundational ethical work done in information technology ethics has been inadequate, consisting of applied ethics or an appeal to law. This article considers how the richer perspective—the common good, as expressed through the lens of the Roman Catholic Church—can serve as a hermeneutic in the field of information technology ethics, offering a more substantial foundation to address pressing controversial issues associated with this burgeoning field and function as a guide for future developments in this industry. The common good can supplement the operative ways of appealing to law and business ethics to address crime and abuse associated with the World Wide Web with a specifically Roman Catholic paradigm and, in turn, offer a broader and richer appreciation of the societal-wide context that information technology impacts.     

‘If I knew where the enemy,or even Germany was,we could have fired in that direction’: Bion's experience of war

The role of a child psychotherapist's gender is not often considered in terms of treatment outcome. This paper discusses how aspects of being a male child psychotherapist influenced the successful treatment of a very young boy with Asperger's Syndrome. The paper highlights how the nature of his very early relationship with his mother and the absence of his father were the basis of his difficulties resulting in that diagnosis. It shows that his desire to seize the opportunity of working with a male enabled him to understand his feelings about his father, why it was so difficult to want to be with him and not his mother, and why he could not be without her.

Le rôle joué par le sexe du psychothérapeute d'enfants dans les effets du traitement est rarement pris en compte. Dans cet article, l'auteur montre qu'à un certain niveau le fait d'être un psychothérapeute homme eut une influence sur la réussite de la thérapie d'un très jeune garçon présentant un syndrome d'Asperger. Selon l'auteur, la nature de la relation précoce entre ce petit garçon et sa mère, ainsi que l'absence de son père, étaient à l'origine des difficultés qui conduisirent à ce diagnostic. Il montre que le désir de l'enfant de se saisir de l'occasion ainsi offerte de travailler avec un homme lui permit de comprendre trois éléments essentiels : ses sentiments à l'égard de son père, la raison pour laquelle il lui était tellement difficile de vouloir être avec lui plutôt que de rester avec sa mère, et ce qui faisait qu'il ne pouvait pas se passer de celle-ci.

Die Rolle des Geschlechts des Kindertherapeuten wird nicht oft bezüglich des Behandlungsergebnis in Betracht bezogen. Dieser Artikel diskutiert, wie Aspekte dessen, ein männlicher Kindertherapeut zu sein, die erfolgreiche Behandlung eines sehr kleinen Jungen mit Asperger Syndrom beeinflussten. Der Artikel unterstreicht, wie die Art seiner frühen Beziehung zu seiner Mutter und die Abwesenheit seines Vaters die Grundlage seiner Schwierigkeiten bildeten, die zu dieser Diagnose führten. Es zeigt, dass sein Wunsch, die Gelegenheit zu ergreifen, mit einem Mann zu arbeiten, ihm ermöglichte, seine Gefühle seinem Vater gegenüber zu verstehen, warum es so schwierig war, mit ihm und nicht seiner Mutter sein zu wollen und warum er nicht ohne sie sein konnnte.

Riassunto: Il ruolo che gioca il sesso dello psicoterapeuta infantile non è solitamente considerato in relazione al risultato del trattamento. In questo articolo si discute come il fatto di avere un terapeuta maschile abbia influenzato per certi aspetti il risultato positivo del trattamento di un bambino molto piccolo che soffriva della Sindrome di Asperger. L'articolo illustra come la natura della sua primissima relazione con la madre e l'assenza del padre furono alla base delle sue difficoltà che portarono alla diagnosi. L'articolo mostra come il desiderio del bambino di lavorare con un terapeuta maschile gli ha permesso di capire i suoi sentimenti verso il padre, perché era così difficile voler restare con lui e lo stesso non succedeva con sua madre, e perché non poteva restare senza di lei.     

Relative effects of reduced weight and increased physical activity on hemoglobin A1c: Suggestions for behavioral treatments

Behavioral treatments for diabetes have often been unsuccessful and may benefit from a better understanding of the relative effects of two common treatment foci – decreased weight and increased volume of physical activity – on blood glucose. Overweight and obese adults (N = 59; M_age = 60 years) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values consistent with diabetes participated in a 6-month community-based behavioral treatment based on tenets of self-efficacy theory and social cognitive theory. The treatment was associated with significantly increased physical activity, reduced body mass index (BMI), and reduced HbA1c levels (ps < .001). Changes in BMI and physical activity accounted for a significant portion of the variance in change in HbA1c, R² = .13, p = .023. Change in volume of physical activity, β = ?.36, p = .007, but not change in BMI, β = ?.03, p = .792, significantly contributed to the variance in HbA1c change that was accounted for. There was no effect based on the sex of participants. Discussion focused on how findings might impact the efficacy, efficiency, and application of behavioral treatments for diabetes management.     

Évolution permanente des outils et procédures de travail au bloc opératoire : la nécessaire formation au travail en équipe en simulation médicale comme réponse organisationnelle

Currently medical and paramedical studies in France are organised separately. Nurses, doctors and specialists are trained separately with specific programs. Organization and public health policy are in permanent evolution. These changes confront caregivers to insecurity during their daily jobs. In this context, interprofessional cooperation is needed. Medical simulation mannequin are used to train caregivers to technical and non-technical activities in safe environment for students as well as for the patients. It allows teachers to analyse the way the students planned, attempted or carried out their actions, and to study the emotional aspects of stressful work in operating room. We will expose the co-construction, use, evaluation and enhancement of such practices in terms of professional team training.