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41.
The paper proposes an analysis and a formalisation of factor-based reasoning. After examining the relevance of factors in
legal reasoning, binary and scalable factors (dimensions) are distinguished and the relations between them are discussed.
An account of a fortiori reasoning with both types of factors is developed.
This article reports ideas which are discussed and developed in Sartor (2005). We refer to the latter work for the theoretical
framework in which our analysis of factors is embedded. 相似文献
42.
A person-fit index for polytomous rasch models,latent class models,and their mixture generalizations
A normally distributed person-fit index is proposed for detecting aberrant response patterns in latent class models and mixture distribution IRT models for dichotomous and polytomous data.This article extends previous work on the null distribution of person-fit indices for the dichotomous Rasch model to a number of models for categorical data. A comparison of two different approaches to handle the skewness of the person-fit index distribution is included.Major parts of this paper were written while the first author worked at the Institute for Science Education, Kiel, Germany. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of Educational Testing Service. The results presented in this paper were improved by valuable comments from J. Rost, K. Yamamoto, N.D. Verhelst, E. Bedrick and two anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
43.
Using a conditioned flavor aversion procedure with rats as subjects, the effect of the addition of a distractor stimulus on the magnitude of the latent inhibition effect was examined. Experiment 1 showed that latent inhibition to vinegar was attenuated by the addition of sucrose during preexposure. On the other hand, sucrose added during conditioning to vinegar did not attenuate latent inhibition. It was also found that the degree of latent inhibition to the vinegar-sucrose compound solution was less when vinegar alone was preexposed (i.e., when sucrose was added only during conditioning) than when the compound solution was preexposed (i.e., when sucrose was added both during preexposure and during conditioning). Experiment 2 gave similar results but with sucrose assigned as the target flavor and vinegar as the distractor. These findings are in full agreement with the generalization decrement account of latent inhibition. 相似文献
44.
Paul R. Rosenbaum 《Psychometrika》1989,54(4):625-633
Established results on latent variable models are applied to the study of the validity of a psychological test. When the test predicts a criterion by measuring a unidimensional latent construct, not only must the total score predict the criterion, but the joint distribution of criterion scores and item responses must exhibit a certain pattern. The presence of this population pattern may be tested with sample data using the stratified Wilcoxon rank sum test. Often, criterion information is available only for selected examinees, for instance, those who are admitted or hired. Three cases are discussed: (i) selection at random, (ii) selection based on the current test, and (iii) selection based on other measures of the latent construct. Discriminant validity is also discussed.This work was supported in part by Grant SES-87-01890 from the Measurement Methods and Data Improvement Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation. 相似文献
45.
This study examined significant others' expressed emotion (EE) and a closely related construct, perceived criticism, as predictors of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a sample of 40 patients with social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Patients enrolled in group therapy for social phobia completed pre- and post-treatment questionnaire measures of perceived criticism and anxious and depressive symptoms. Designated significant others were assessed for the components of high EE (criticism, hostility and emotional overinvolvement) using the Camberwell Family Interview. It was hypothesized that these high-EE components and patients' perceived criticism would be associated with poorer treatment outcome, and results ran counter to these expectations. Controlling for initial social phobia severity, lower levels of perceived criticism predicted treatment dropout. There was also a nonsignificant trend for participants with a significant other rated as high in emotional overinvolvement to show less change on a composite symptom measure. Findings from this study suggest that close relationships impact the outcome of cognitive-behavioral interventions for social phobia. 相似文献
46.
In this paper we introduce a latent variable model (LVM) for mixed ordinal and continuous responses, where covariate effects
on the continuous latent variables are modelled through a flexible semiparametric Gaussian regression model. We extend existing
LVMs with the usual linear covariate effects by including nonparametric components for nonlinear effects of continuous covariates
and interactions with other covariates as well as spatial effects. Full Bayesian modelling is based on penalized spline and
Markov random field priors and is performed by computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. We apply
our approach to a German social science survey which motivated our methodological development.
We thank the editor and the referees for their constructive and helpful comments, leading to substantial improvements of a
first version, and Sven Steinert for computational assistance. Partial financial support from the SFB 386 “Statistical Analysis
of Discrete Structures” is also acknowledged. 相似文献
47.
推理是人们认知的根本。人们在推理过程中,受到许多因素的影响,大致可以分为内在(个体差异)因素和外在(任务)因素。该文主要针对影响三段论推理的内在因素(个体差异)进行评论,并且讨论了将来的研究方向。 相似文献
48.
Francesco Bartolucci 《Psychometrika》2007,72(2):141-157
We illustrate a class of multidimensional item response theory models in which the items are allowed to have different discriminating
power and the latent traits are represented through a vector having a discrete distribution. We also show how the hypothesis
of unidimensionality may be tested against a specific bidimensional alternative by using a likelihood ratio statistic between
two nested models in this class. For this aim, we also derive an asymptotically equivalent Wald test statistic which is faster
to compute. Moreover, we propose a hierarchical clustering algorithm which can be used, when the dimensionality of the latent
structure is completely unknown, for dividing items into groups referred to different latent traits. The approach is illustrated
through a simulation study and an application to a dataset collected within the National Assessment of Educational Progress,
1996.
The author would like to thank the Editor, an Associate Editor and three anonymous referees for stimulating comments. I also
thank L. Scaccia, F. Pennoni and M. Lupparelli for having done part of the simulations. 相似文献
49.
Yurevich A 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2007,41(1):21-27
The author presents several arguments against Toomela’s (Culture of science: Strange history of the methodological thinking
in psychology. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 2007a, doi:, History of methodology in psychology: Starting point, not the goal. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 2007b, doi:) pessimistic thesis: “The last 60 years of research in psychology seems to have gone astray.” Nevertheless he admits that
Toomela’s article despite the excessively categorical assessments contained in it and the undue pessimism crowing its conclusion,
represents a substantial contribution to the highlighting of socio-cultural impact on various models of psychological cognition,
which lurks behind the international unification of globalizing science.
相似文献
Andrey YurevichEmail: |
50.
12-20岁个体前瞻记忆的发展与影响因素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以334名12~20岁个体为被试,采用两因素混合设计,探讨这一年龄阶段个体前瞻记忆的发展及影响因素。结果发现,被试前瞻记忆水平随年龄增长而提高,且在14~16岁发展最快;提高基于时间的前瞻记忆负载,会使前瞻记忆成绩降低;前瞻记忆与当前任务的完成呈负相关。表明前瞻记忆是一种策略加工过程。 相似文献