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921.
Rae Jean Proeschold‐Bell Ashley Eisenberg Christopher Adams Bruce Smith Sara Legrand Amber Wilk 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2015,54(4):702-721
Clergy fulfill vital societal functions as meaning makers and community builders. Partly because of their important roles, clergy frequently encounter stressful situations. Further, studies suggest that clergy experience high rates of depression. Despite this, few studies have examined protective factors for clergy that may increase their positive mental health. We invited all United Methodist clergy in North Carolina to participate in a survey. Of church‐serving clergy, 85 percent responded (n = 1,476). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the predictors of three positive and four negative mental health outcomes. The three sets of predictors were: demographics, which explained 2–10 percent of the variances; variables typically related to mental health (social support, social isolation, and financial stress), which explained 14–41 percent of the variances; and clergy‐specific variables, which explained 14–20 percent of the variances, indicating the importance of measuring occupation‐specific variables. Some variables (e.g., congregation demands) significantly related to both positive and negative mental health, whereas others (e.g., positive congregations, congregation support) significantly related primarily to positive mental health. In addition to their intervention implications, these findings support separate consideration for negative versus positive mental health. 相似文献
922.
The main objective of this study was to compare ballet dancers’ and non-dancers’ joint coordination during tiptoe standing. Nine female non-expert ballet dancers and nine female non-dancers were asked to perform heel-toe and tiptoe standing for approximately 30 s, during which the center of pressure (COP) and kinematic data from the metatarsophalangeal, ankle, knee, and hip joints were measured. Principal component analysis was performed on the angular displacements to determine joint coordination. The weighting vectors suggested that dancers’ ankle and knee joints fluctuated in-phase in the anteroposterior direction, whereas all combinations of adjacent joints had anti-phase coordination for non-dancers. In addition, there was a significant difference in the intra-joint coordination pattern between groups. In particular, dancers’ metatarsophalangeal (MP) and ankle joints tended to sway to the left-front or right-rear. However, there were no differences between the groups in the path length or rectangular COP. These results suggest that dancers maintained quiet postures via a decrease in the mechanical degree of freedom and that postural expertise may not be determined from a traditional COP analysis, even during unstable tiptoe standing. This in-phase coordination, which has an arch-like configuration, could be characteristic of dancers’ lithe legs. 相似文献
923.
Fuschia M. Sirois 《欧洲人格杂志》2014,28(5):511-520
Recent theory suggests that trait procrastination is a form of temporal self‐regulation failure that reflects a disjunction between the present and future self. Yet research to date is sparse and inconsistent regarding the nature of the associations of procrastination with time perspective. The current study aimed to meta‐analytically summarize the evidence to date to address the question of how procrastination is linked to future and present time perspective, and to test whether stress and positive affect explained the link between procrastination and future time perspective. A search of the available literature yielded six published studies and three unpublished studies, which were combined with five unpublished data sets for a total of 14 samples with 4312 participants. The meta‐analysis revealed that procrastination had a moderate and significant negative association with future time perspective, and a small but significant positive association with present time perspective. Mediation analyses across two of the samples found that high stress and low positive affect explained in part the association between procrastination and future time perspective. Overall, these findings support the notion that procrastinators focus less on the future and highlight the dynamic interrelations of affect and cognition that underlie procrastinators' intertemporal choices. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
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925.
Werner Nell 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2014,24(1):82-91
This study explored the sources of meaning in life among a group of 243 South African university students, using a sequential exploratory mixed methods design. First, data from semi-structured questionnaires (n=40) were subjected to qualitative content analysis; next, from the emerging themes, a quantitative questionnaire was developed and administered to 203 students. Mean scores were computed and compared across gender and cultural groups. Relationships, especially with family, as well as hope, education, achievement and religion were found to be most important sources of meaning, followed by service, creative self-expression, material possessions, hobbies, health and pets. The qualitative analysis revealed that most of these sources were valued more for their perceived instrumental utility than for their intrinsic qualities. 相似文献
926.
青少年主观幸福感研究述评 总被引：94，自引：0，他引：94
在对主观幸福感的概念、构成、测评工具予以介绍的基础上,回顾了青少年主观幸福感的基本状况,并对影响青少年主观幸福感的相关因素（包括人口统计学变量、生活事件、家庭因素、神经质和外向性、自尊、控制感）的研究进行了介绍,最后针对青少年主观幸福感的测评工具、状况和影响因素、产生机制和干预等四个方面提出了需要进一步深入研究的问题。 相似文献
927.
采用面孔识别研究范式和事件相关电位方法,研究初中生、高中生和大学生三个年龄段被试情绪面孔加工特征。研究发现,在刺激呈现后的550~800ms,三个年龄段被试均产生悲伤效应,悲伤面孔引发的LPC波幅大于愉快面孔引发的LPC波幅,三个年龄段的悲伤效应脑区分布大致相同,表明三个年龄段情绪面孔加工有着类似的神经机制。进一步比较三个年龄段悲伤面孔引发的ERPs发现,在刺激呈现后的200~550ms,悲伤面孔的加工产生年龄效应。年龄段越低的被试N2波幅越大,年龄段越高的被试P3波幅越大。这一结果提示,随着年龄的增长,青少年大脑高级功能的发育日趋成熟。 相似文献
928.
929.
应激和应对问题 ,由于同人的心理适应和健康密切相关 ,目前在国外已经成为心理学所有领域中研究最多的一个重要课题。然而 ,该课题的研究 ,特别是关于应对方式及其效果评价的研究 ,存在着较突出的问题。通过对国内 4种最主要的有关学术期刊的检索发现 ,同国外相比 ,国内的应激和应对的研究在数量和质量上均有较明显的差距。文章结合国内外有关研究的现状 ,分析、说明了在应对研究中存在的 5个主要问题 :(1)忽略防御机制的有效评估和在心理适应中的作用 ;(2 )应对方式的评定方法不当 ;(3)在对于应激的影响和应对后果的估价中存在着片面性和策略上的错误 ;(4)应对研究的设计同关于应激和应对的“过程”理论不一致 ;(5 )应对研究同临床实践之间存在着较明显的脱节。作者探讨并提出了对于这些问题的可能的解决办法。 相似文献
930.