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271.
儿童语言获得之认知发展机制研究新进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
儿童母语的习得是以已有的知识经验为基础的,即概念信息,由此儿童可以对经验过的对象、关系和事件做出区分并加以归类。这为以后儿童语言的获得奠定了基础。因此,儿童首先建立的是对事物的概念性表征,然后再以语言的形式表达之,即获得了语言性表征。但是,当儿童获得了语言表征之后,原先的概念表征还是继续发挥着它应有的作用。 相似文献
272.
273.
为了检验工作记忆广度有限性的3种假说,即资源限制假说、记忆消退假说和转换机制假说,实验要求被试首先完成一项转换效率任务,然后完成工作记忆广度任务。结果发现,加工负荷对工作记忆广度具有重要影响,保持时间不影响工作记忆广度,转换效率与工作记忆广度也没有显著相关。实验结果支持工作记忆广度受认知资源限制的观点 相似文献
274.
Dowman M 《Cognitive Science》2007,31(1):99-132
An expression-induction model was used to simulate the evolution of basic color terms to test Berlin and Kay's (1969) hypothesis that the typological patterns observed in basic color term systems are produced by a process of cultural evolution under the influence of biases resulting from the special properties of universal focal colors. Ten agents were simulated, each of which could learn color term denotations by generalizing from examples using Bayesian inference, and for which universal focal red, yellow, green, and blue were especially salient, but unevenly spaced in the perceptual color space. Conversations between these agents, in which agents would learn from one another, were simulated over several generations, and the languages emerging at the end of each simulation were investigated. The proportion of color terms of each type correlated closely with the equivalent frequencies found in the World Color Survey, and most of the emergent languages could be placed on one of the evolutionary trajectories proposed by Kay and Maffi (1999). The simulation therefore demonstrates how typological patterns can emerge as a result of learning biases acting over a period of time. 相似文献
275.
Hamberger MJ 《Neuropsychology review》2007,17(4):477-489
One challenge in dominant hemisphere epilepsy surgery is to remove sufficient epileptogenic tissue to achieve seizure freedom
without compromising postoperative language function. Electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of language was developed specifically
to identify essential language cortex in pharmacologically intractable epilepsy patients undergoing left hemisphere resection
of epileptogenic cortex. Surprisingly, the procedure remains unstandardized, and limited data support its clinical validity.
Nevertheless, ESM for language mapping has likely minimized postoperative language decline in numerous patients, and has generated
a wealth of data elucidating brain–language relations. This article reviews the literature on topographical patterns of language
organization inferred from ESM, and the influence of patient characteristics on these patterns, including baseline ability
level, age, gender, pathology, degree of language lateralization and bilingualism. Questions regarding clinical validity and
limitations of ESM are discussed. Finally, recommendations for clinical practice are presented, and theoretical questions
regarding ESM and the findings it has generated are considered. 相似文献
276.
José Luis Bermúdez 《The Journal of Ethics》2007,11(3):319-335
In Thinking without Words I develop a philosophical framework for treating some animals and human infants as genuine thinkers. This paper outlines
the aspects of this account that are most relevant to those working in animal ethics. There is a range of different levels
of cognitive sophistication in different animal species, in addition to limits to the types of thought available to non-linguistic
creatures, and it may be important for animal ethicists to take this into account in exploring issues of moral significance
and the obligations that we might or might not have to non-human animals.
I am grateful for comments on an earlier version from Robert Francescotti and Clare Palmer. 相似文献
277.
278.
西方人格工具在中国:文化的思考——以多元文化人格问卷为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以多元文化人格问卷在中国施测的结果为例,从中国文化的角度,探讨中国文化对语言等值和功能等值的影响,如时间观、面子观、关系观、人际沟通观、谦虚观等对项目的具体影响,思考西方人格工具在中国应用时遭遇的文化冲撞. 相似文献
279.
任务切换是执行控制的一种重要功能。切换代价是量化执行控制持续时间的指标。并广泛应用于各个研究领域。但是切换代价在多大程度上体现了执行控制的作用,仍然还存在争论.当前主要存在任务设置重构、任务设置惯性和联结竞争三种理论。本文首先介绍了三种理论的基本观点和实验证据,以及对任务切换加工机制的分析;其次阐明了对三种理论进行整合的相关研究;最后分析了进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
280.
叶峰 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):454-470
The Kripkean metaphysical modality (i.e. possibility and necessity) is one of the most important concepts in contemporary
analytic philosophy and is the basis of many metaphysical speculations. These metaphysical speculations frequently commit
to entities that do not belong to this physical universe, such as merely possible entities, abstract entities, mental entities
or qualities not realizable by the physical, which seems to contradict naturalism or physicalism. This paper proposes a naturalistic
interpretation of the Kripkean modality, as a naturalist’s response to these metaphysical speculations. It will show that
naturalism can accommodate the Kripkean metaphysical modality. In particular, it will show that naturalism can help to resolve
the puzzles surrounding Kripke’s a posteriori necessary propositions and a priori contingent propositions.
__________
Translated from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2008, (1): 18–26 相似文献