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421.
Change detection performance is influenced by a number of factors, among which is the informativeness of targets. It has not
been clarified, yet, whether the highly informative regions have a processing priority as a result of resource deployment
from other tasks or whether it results from a better resource management. In this paper, we adopted a change detection paradigm
in which thirty participants were randomly assigned to two groups: single (change detection task) and dual task [change detection
and a simplified version of the Paced Auditory Serial Oppository Task (PASOT, Gow and Deary in J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 26:723–736,
2004), which implies a verbal effort]. Stimulus informativeness was defined as social relevance, that is, changing targets were
people (high relevance) versus objects (low relevance), all other aspects (i.e., salience and position in the scene) kept
constant. As hypothesized, data analyses showed a significant main effect of social relevance and task condition, i.e., better
change detection performance and lower change detection times for people versus objects and for single than for dual task
condition. Interestingly, the PASOT accuracy remained stable across the person versus object trials, thus implying that the
better performance with socially relevant targets could not be explained by a resources withdrawal from the secondary task.
相似文献
Fabrizio BraccoEmail: |
422.
We introduce a Fourier transformation technique that enables one to derive closed-form expressions of performance measures (e.g., hit and false alarm rates) of simulation-based models of recognition memory. Application of the technique is demonstrated using the bind cue decide model of episodic memory (BCDMEM; [Dennis, S., & Humphreys, M.S. (2001). A context noise model of episodic word recognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 452-478]). In addition to reducing the time required to test the model, which for models like BCDMEM can be excessive, asymptotic expressions of the measures reveal heretofore unknown properties of the model, such as model predictions being dependent on vector length. 相似文献
423.
The preview benefit from prior exposure of response-irrelevant (distracter) objects in visual search has been accounted for
in terms of top-down inhibition (i.e. visual marking), bottom-up abrupt onset capture, or asynchrony-dependent perceptual
segregation. We assess the relative contribution of abrupt onset and visual marking in a paradigm combining visual search
with a visual working memory task. We investigated time-based selection of multiple objects for storage in visual working
memory, using a change detection paradigm (Luck and Vogel in Nature 390:279–281, 1997) with distracter preview. We varied preview exposure (short vs. long), in a series of three experiments. The contribution
of asynchrony-related perceptual segregation was assessed across experiments by varying the complexity of the stimuli (colored
squares, oriented bars and oriented T-shapes) and the type of change detection (color or orientation), resulting in different
levels of perceptual segregation between visual elements. The results suggest that bottom-up abrupt onset, visual marking
and perceptual segregation factors co-operate in time-based selection for storage in visual working memory. 相似文献
424.
Signal Detection tasks typically involve within-subject signal changes. Such a procedure does not lend itself to event-related potential (ERP) experiments where the need for averaging necessitates the maintenance of consistent stimulus parameters. In the present ERP study we adopt a novel approach to thresholding that allows within-subject signal manipulation. The Signal Detection task required the identification of letter targets, formed from dots, in a random dot field. ERP waveforms were segmented into three windows corresponding to N1, N2, and P300 components. Analysis shows that ERP variations are dependent on both task demands and response characteristics for N1, N2, and P300 components. 相似文献
425.
Tadashi Kikuchi Michiaki Sekine Masako Nakamura 《The Japanese psychological research》2001,43(1):1-12
Dynamic temporal change in the size of functional visual field was measured using a dual task: a peripheral task in which one square in a background pattern of squares was changed in shape to a dot; and a central task involving the rapid serial visual presentation of a sequence of letters (RSVP task). The temporal lag between the occurrences of the dot and the RSVP target was manipulated. University students were asked to detect the dot and to depress a mouse button as quickly as possible while searching for the RSVP target among a sequence of distracter letters. The abrupt change in the shape of a background square in the peripheral task caused a processing deficit in the RSVP task at relative lags from –3 to –1 (255 ms to 85 ms before presentation of the RSVP target), but the encoding and retaining processes involved in identifying the RSVP target did not impair the detection of the peripheral dot. The functional visual field was found to expand while participants were performing the dual task, suggesting that preattentive detection is affected by general attentional activity. 相似文献
426.
本研究运用模拟实验,考察了以仪表显示为主的监控系统中信号间隔时间和双作业任务对人觉察信号的反应时间的影响.双作业中的主任务是要求被试同时监视4个仪表,次任务为对显示屏上一个红色亮点是否出现闪烁作简单的辨别反应.实验结果表明信号间隔时间是影响信号觉察反应时的一个重要因素.随着信号间隔时间由30-50秒延长到8-10分钟,信号觉察反应时随之先快后慢地增加.在低负荷的仪表监视作业中,通过增加一个刺激率较高而又比较简单的次任务,可使被试保持较高的唤醒水平和更好地集中注意,从而有利于提高信号觉察效率. 相似文献
427.
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430.
《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2017,108(3):453-466
There is a bias towards believing information is true rather than false. The Spinozan account claims there is an early, automatic bias towards believing. Only afterwards can people engage in an effortful re‐evaluation and disbelieve the information. Supporting this account, there is a greater bias towards believing information is true when under cognitive load. However, developing on the Adaptive Lie Detector (ALIED) theory, the informed Cartesian can equally explain this data. The account claims the bias under load is not evidence of automatic belief; rather, people are undecided, but if forced to guess they can rely on context information to make an informed judgement. The account predicts, and we found, that if people can explicitly indicate their uncertainty, there should be no bias towards believing because they are no longer required to guess. Thus, we conclude that belief formation can be better explained by an informed Cartesian account – an attempt to make an informed judgment under uncertainty. 相似文献