The Conners Parent Rating Scale: Psychometric properties in typically developing 4- to 12-year-old Belgian French-speaking children

<b>Introduction</b>The Conners Parent Rating Scale – 48 items (CPRS) is one of the most widely used behavioral scales in clinical and research settings with children.<b>Objective</b>The principal aim of this study was to validate the five-factor structure of the French version of the CPRS in 4- to 12-year-old Belgian French-speaking children. Secondly, a sample of children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was assessed and their ADHD CPRS profile was examined.<b>Methods</b>A total of 382 typically developing children from 4 to 12<!-- --> <!-- -->years old were included in this study. Furthermore, 15 children (aged 6 to 12<!-- --> <!-- -->years old) diagnosed with ADHD participated in this study.<b>Results</b>Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the CPRS presents good psychometric properties and has a factor structure similar to the original version. Furthermore, the CPRS shows high rates of sensitivity and specificity when the ADHD and control group scores are compared.<b>Conclusions</b>This study confirms the original five-factor structure of the CPRS when used with French-speaking children. Our results highlight the fact that the CPRS is a reliable measure of parental perception of their children's disruptive behaviors, and encourage the use of culturally adapted normative data for 4- to 12-year-old children.     

Perceived functions of playfulness in adults: Does it mobilize you at work,rest, and when being with others?

<b>Introduction</b>Little is known about what adults perceive as core functions of playfulness in their daily life.<b>Objective</b>To compile a list of perceived functions of playfulness from nominations of laypeople and to test the association of the productions with individual levels of playfulness as a personality trait.<b>Method</b>Three hundred and twenty-four adults aged 18 to 62 (<em>M</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->31.6, <em>SD<!-- --> </em>=<!-- --> <!-- -->11.5) listed perceived functions of playfulness in five areas (leisure and work and when being with work colleagues, friends, and their partner) and completed a questionnaire for playfulness.<b>Results</b>The entries were grouped into seven broader categories; namely, (1) well-being; (2) humor and laughter; (3) mastery orientation; (4) creativity; (5) relationships; (6) coping strategies; and (7) coping with situations. Women noted more functions than men (<em>t</em>(297)<!-- --> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->2.99, <em>p<!-- --> </em><<!-- --> <!-- -->.01, <em>d</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> 0.35) but there were no gender differences in the playfulness scale. Individual levels of playfulness correlated only for men with a greater number of functions, while it was uncorrelated in the sample of women.<b>Conclusion</b>People see a broad range of functions for playfulness in their daily lives. This warrants further investigation on potential benefits of adult playfulness.     

Confort au travail : Le rôle de l'attachement et de la personnalisation dans la perception de la qualité de l'espace de travail

This article investigates the links between personalization, workplace attachment and perceived workplace quality. Participants (<em>N</em> = 116) work in the same office building. This investigation focus also about the office ability to improve intimacy and appropriation by owners (open space, individual office, shared office). As we were expecting, we observe an effective link between personalization and workplace attachment, and perceived workplace quality. The overall results lead to the conclusion of a solid link between attachment and perceived workplace quality. We will discuss our conclusions furthermore and we will offer recommendations.     

Linking cheating in school and corruption

<h3 id="sect0010">Introduction</h3>Previous research suggests a link between academic cheating and corruption. However, no prior empirical studies examined this link with cross-cultural data.</div><div id="abst0010"><h3 id="sect0015">Objective</h3>The present study aims to fill this gap and it examines their link by considering cultural values such as in-group collectivism and economic background in terms of GDP per capita.</div><div id="abst0015"><h3 id="sect0020">Method</h3>Self-reported data were collected regarding collaborative academic cheating. The database of Transparency International was used for assessing the level of perceived corruption, and the in-group collectivism data was derived from the GLOBE study. Structural equation modeling was used in order to identify their relationship pattern.</div><div id="abst0020"><h3 id="sect0025">Results</h3>In the present study, using data from 40 countries, a strong relationship between self-reported academic cheating on exams and the country level of the corruption perception index was found. The present results also support evidence of a strong relationship between collaborative academic cheating and in-group collectivism in a sample comprising 30 countries. This link remains significant if GDP per capita, as an indicator of economic development, is controlled. However, path analysis showed that if both GDP per capita and in-group collectivism are considered, the link between corruption and cheating disappeared.</div><div id="abst0025"><h3 id="sect0030">Conclusion</h3>These results suggest that GDP per capita as an economy-related background variable and in-group collectivism as a societal value have independent effect on collaborative cheating and perceived corruption and these broader background variables can diminish the strong link between collaborative cheating and perceived corruption.     

Effets comportementaux et attitudinaux d’une procédure de Pied-dans-la-porte en entreprise

The present research investigates attitudinal and behavioral effects of a Foot-in-the-door paradigm (Freedman & Fraser, 1966), adapted to a company world. Moreover, it measures the impact of a variable whose integration to the paradigm has been discussed (Joule and Beauvois, 1998; Joule, Py & Bernard, 2004) although its effect has not been experimentally demonstrated: Action Identification (Vallacher and Wegner, 1985). Results show a response rate to the target request and a mean of affective commitment to the organization (Allen & Meyer, 1990) higher in the F.I.T.D. condition, particularly when the level of action identification is taking into account. Results are discussed in terms of commitment theory and action identification theory.     

La Justice Procédurale comme Variable Prévisionnelle de la Motivation Intrinsèque au Travail

Although the importance of intrinsic motivation at work is already known, the relationship between organizational justice and employees’ motivation remains unexplored. Consequently, the purpose of the present study was to examine the predictive role of organizational justice on intrinsic motivation and the mediation effect of fundamental needs satisfaction in the study of organizational justice and employees’ intrinsic motivation. Key variables have been measured with a sample of 273 workers coming from numerous fields of work. Correlational analyses and multiples regression analyses have been conducted and have shown a significant positive relationship between the variables as well as a partial mediation effect of the basic psychological needs’ satisfaction in the relationship between procedural justice and intrinsic motivation. Results show significant positive relations between the three variables of interest and a partial mediation of the basic needs in the relation existing between procedural justice and intrinsic motivation. The role of justice for the development of intrinsic motivation at work is discussed.     

Sustainable system-of-systems and francophone activity-centered approaches in ergonomics: Converging and diverging lines of dialogue

This paper initiates a dialogue between the sustainable system-of-systems (SSoS) approach and one particular situated approach of activity analysis within francophone activity-centered ergonomics (FACE). This paper explores the possible cross-fertilizations between FACE and SSoS in coping with the challenge of enlargement which ergonomists have to face in order to address sustainability issues. We present how the SSoS model and FACE have currently considered the challenges of sustainable development and the theoretical-methodological principles that frame their approaches. Then, eight topics of dialogue are introduced and debated in order to open the dialogue between the two approaches where emerging lines of convergence are generated. We conclude by further discussing the complementarity between FACE and SSoS in the objectives of their approaches and the levels analysed by each approach, and by highlighting the importance of taking into account the emergent and complex aspects of systems. One possible way forward might be to “situate the sustainable system-of-systems” while also “systemizing systems of sustainable situations” for the future.     

Les représentations philosophiques de la relation entre l’« esprit » et le cerveau des enseignants-chercheurs de psychologie : quelques implications

The history of psychology has been marked by strong methodological, theoretical and epistemological controversies. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that these well-known controversies are often implicitly supported by philosophical, metaphysical and probably religious oppositions. The focus of our investigation concerns the classical opposition in philosophy between dualism and physicalism, more specifically the complex relationship between the brain and the mind. One hundred and sixty-six teachers and researchers (30 in clinical psychology, 37 in cognitive psychology, 31 in development psychology, 38 in social psychology and 30 in neurosciences) from 8 French universities have accepted to participate in this survey by responding to a questionnaire made of 17 questions. Data were analyzed using factor analysis technique and the results of the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four main factors that are more likely to define accurately the philosophical profile of each sub-discipline. The main result of this survey is that philosophical and metaphysical positions, at the foundations of psychology, clearly distinguish and oppose the five studied sub-disciplines. At one extreme, there are cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists who are strongly physicalist. To the contrary, clinical and social psychologists exhibit more dualistic representation. Developmental psychologists occupy an intermediate position between these two extremes. Finally, we analyzed the implications of the participants’ philosophical representation differences, from an epistemological and clinical/practical point of view. The important point is that these philosophical and metaphysical oppositions are largely implicit. Indeed, inside our community, it is very rare, if not exceptional, that they are explicitly involved in the theoretical or epistemological conflicts, which exist inside our discipline. However, it is probable that they play a massive role in our debates, a role all the more important, as we are largely unconscious of them. The current study is the first to tackle such an important topic by describing more accurately the philosophical representation of scholars in major sub-fields of psychology. By revealing such deep metaphysical oppositions, we hope to shed a new light on the origins of these persisting conflicts in psychology.