Personal values and unsanctioned aggression inherent in contact sports: The role of self-regulatory mechanisms,aggressiveness, and demographic variables

<b>Introduction</b>To date, research-examining factors related to the sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing unsanctioned aggression have received scant attention in applied sport psychology.<b>Objective</b>A mediating model as influenced by various demographic variables was applied to explore the relationships between athletes’ personal values and their unsanctioned aggression directly and indirectly through the mediating role of resistive self-regulatory efficacy, moral disengagement, and aggressiveness.<b>Method</b>A sample of 301 French competitors of different age (young: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->200 and adult: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->101), gender (male: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->172 and female: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->129)<em>,</em> type of sport (high: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->131 and low contact: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->170), level of competition (beginner: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->115, intermediate: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->110, and advanced: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->76), and length of practice (brief: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->109, intermediate: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->49, and extensive: <em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->143) completed a questionnaire assessing the aforementioned variables.<b>Results</b>Structural equation modelling demonstrates that self-transcendence and self-enhancement values have only indirect negative and positive effects, respectively, on unsanctioned aggression through the full mediating effect of the mediators. Also, age, gender, and type of sport were predictive only of some personal values and mediators.<b>Conclusion</b>These findings offer evidence that resistive self-regulatory efficacy, moral disengagement, and aggressiveness are mediators that fully govern the impact of athletes’ personal values and certain demographic variables on their unsanctioned aggression. Several limitations, implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.     

Investigation into Combinatory Systems with Dual Combinators

Combinatory logic is known to be related to <i>substructural logics</i>. Algebraic considerations of the latter, in particular, algebraic considerations of two distinct implications (<img src="/content/w5759n060l730473/xxlarge8594.gif" alt="rarr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">, <img src="/content/w5759n060l730473/xxlarge8592.gif" alt="larr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">), led to the introduction of <i>dual combinators</i> in Dunn & Meyer 1997. Dual combinators are "mirror images" of the usual combinators and as such do not constitute an interesting subject of investigation by themselves. However, when combined with the usual combinators (e.g., in order to recover associativity in a sequent calculus), the whole system exhibits new features. A dual combinatory system with weak equality typically <i>lacks the Church-Rosser property</i>, and in general it is <i>inconsistent</i>. In many subsystems terms "unexpectedly" turn out to be weakly equivalent. The paper is a preliminary attempt to investigate some of these issues, as well as, briefly compare function application in symmetric <img src="/content/w5759n060l730473/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-calculus (cf. Barbanera & Berardi 1996) and dual combinatory logic.     

The Factor Structure of the Beavers Interactional Scales

Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analyses of the Beavers Interactional Scales did not appear to support the model offered by its developers, namely, several specified family attributes contributing respectively to two global factors of Family Competence and Family Style. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that only three of 12 items predicted raters' assessments of Global Family Health, and one of seven items predicted Global Family Style. Individuals interested in the family dynamic <img src="/content/j5h4833008432l7w/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">centripetal/centrifugal<img src="/content/j5h4833008432l7w/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> might best think of that as a unitary entity and rate it accordingly.     

Free Łukasiewicz and Hoop Residuation Algebras

Hoop residuation algebras are the {<img src="/content/l54g2858182ur716/xxlarge8594.gif" alt="rarr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">, 1}-subreducts of hoops; they include Hilbert algebras and the {<img src="/content/l54g2858182ur716/xxlarge8594.gif" alt="rarr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">, 1}-reducts of MV-algebras (also known as Wajsberg algebras). The paper investigates the structure and cardinality of finitely generated free algebras in varieties of <i>k</i>-potent hoop residuation algebras. The assumption of <i>k</i>-potency guarantees local finiteness of the varieties considered. It is shown that the free algebra on <i>n</i> generators in any of these varieties can be represented as a union of <i>n</i> subalgebras, each of which is a copy of the {<img src="/content/l54g2858182ur716/xxlarge8594.gif" alt="rarr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">, 1}-reduct of the same finite MV-algebra, i.e., of the same finite product of linearly ordered (simple) algebras. The cardinality of the product can be determined in principle, and an inclusion-exclusion type argument yields the cardinality of the free algebra. The methods are illustrated by applying them to various cases, both known (varieties generated by a finite linearly ordered Hilbert algebra) and new (residuation reducts of MV-algebras and of hoops).     

Foot-in-the-door and action identification. Binding communication applied to environmental conservation

<b>Introduction</b>Growing concern for the environment gives rise to the development of projects aimed at changing attitudes and/or behaviors of individuals in a more ecological way. While the traditional levers of change (information/persuasion) have clear limitations (Perloff, 2003), the promising results of Binding Communication (Joule et al., 2004) present a relevant alternative.<b>Objective</b>Our research, based on the Binding Communication paradigm, aimed to encourage participation in a project to reduce energy consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emission. The underlying theoretical aim was to identify the impact of action identification (Vallacher and Wegner, 1985) on individual behavior. A variable that commitment theorists (Girandola, 2003, Joule and Beauvois, 1998, Joule et al., 2004) consider as decisive in the paradigm effect although it has not yet been empirically studied.<b>Method</b>One hundred and twenty-three households in Brittany, France received a letter inviting them to participate in the presented project. According to three experimental conditions, some households had already received a phone call in order to answer a questionnaire about the environment (8–10 days earlier), wording in reference to two distinct identification levels.<b>Results</b>Statistical analyses showed a positive effect of procedure on intention to participate when the wording of the initial questionnaire referred to a high and adequate level of identification.<b>Conclusion</b>Discussed in the context of commitment (Joule and Beauvois, 1998, Joule and Beauvois, 2002, Kiesler, 1971), self-perception (Bem, 1972) and action identification (Vallacher and Wegner, 1985); the results provide the first empirical validation of the effect of action identification on Binding Communication.     

Effects of personality traits and characteristics of child sexual abuse on maternal reactions and support

<h3 id="sect0010">Objective</h3>This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal and contextual factors including maternal personality traits, the quality of mother–child relationship, the characteristics of sexual abuse and maternal outcomes: (1) maternal reactions including feelings of anger and responsibility, anger and perceptions of responsibility of the child, and (2) maternal support provided to the child following the disclosure of sexual abuse.</div><div id="abst0010"><h3 id="sect0015">Method</h3>The sample included 190 mothers recruited from youth centers in Québec (Canada). Data were collected using self-assessment questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.</div><div id="abst0015"><h3 id="sect0020">Results</h3>Regression analyses revealed that maternal neuroticism, the quality of the preexisting mother–child relationship, the relationship between the mother and the perpetrator, and the occurrence of physical violence, were significant predictors of outcomes including maternal support, mothers’ feelings of responsibility and/or anger towards the abuser and/or child.</div><div id="abst0020"><h3 id="sect0025">Conclusion</h3>These findings suggest that considering neurotic traits and addressing feelings of anger and responsibility among mothers might improve child outcomes following CSA.     

The Evolution of Darwin to a “Unique Christian Species” in Modernist-Apologetic Arab-Islamic Thought

Darwin's theory of evolution has been the cause of great distress and the subject of intense and constant debates among Jews, Christians and Muslims. The article analyzes why and how Sunni Muslim-Arab modernist-apologetic scholars, whose approach emphasizes the compatibility of Islam with empirical sciences, shifted from reluctantly reconciling the theory of evolution with the Qur'an in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to rejecting Darwin as a fabricator and describing his theory as a Christian aberration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Through a comparative survey that focuses on the works of ?usayn al-Jisr (d. 1909), Mu?ammad Rashīd Ri?ā (d. 1935), Mu?ammad al-Ghazālī (d. 1996), Yūsuf al-Qara?āwī (b. 1926) and Mu?ammad ?Imāra (b. 1931), the article suggests that this shift corresponded with changes in the American anti-evolutionist discourse, and that, while contemporary modernist-apologetic literature casts Darwin as illegitimate, it does not close the door to a future acceptance of the theory of evolution.     

How to improve the appropriation of space and the morale of residents in nursing homes

This study proposes a simple methodology to improve the quality of life of residents in nursing homes. In the experimental condition, an intervention based on the feeling of control, the technique of touching and “you are free to…” was implemented. Assessment of the residents’ appropriation of their personal space and their morale was made one month later. Data showed a significant improvement in both parameters in the experimental condition, whereas values remained stable in the control group, which did not receive the intervention.     

关注人文素质教育语境下的中医医史文献

随着社会的发展及医学模式的转换,人们呼唤重新审视医学的目的和价值,期待着医学人文关怀传统的复兴。于是,加强医学院校大学生人文素质教育,倡导人格教育理念,成为医学院校加强素质教育的重要内容。中医医史文献教育教学的视角,分析素质教育语境下的专业教育问题。     

Managers’ selection preferences: The role of prejudice and multicultural personality traits in the assessment of native and immigrant job candidates

<b>Presentation</b>Statistics across European countries show that immigrants have a disproportionate lower employment probability than persons born in the host country (SOPEMI, 2010). Explanations to this phenomenon are complex.<b>Objectives</b>An experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between multicultural personality traits and managers’ selection preferences in the hiring of native vs. foreign-born job candidates. We proposed that this relationship was mediated by prejudice.<b>Methods</b>Norwegian managers (<em>n</em> <!-- -->=<!-- --> <!-- -->222) were presented with one Turkish immigrant job candidate and two Norwegian-born, less qualified job candidates. The managers completed the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Blatant Prejudice Scale (SBPS).<b>Results</b>We found that the threat and rejection blatant prejudice subscale and Emotional stability predicted the managers’ hiring preferences. Specifically, the higher threat and rejection subscale scores and the lower emotional stability scores, the more likely it is that the managers preferred to hire a native, less qualified candidate over the Turkish immigrant candidate. The effect of emotional stability on candidate preference was not mediated by prejudice.<b>Conclusions</b>The results suggest that managers’ feelings of threat due to foreign-born immigrants’ participation in the host society (political conservatism), and threat due to intercultural interactions, are significantly related to foreign-born immigrant job candidates’ chances of being hired.