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811.
本研究借助ERP技术,采用分离句子范式,考察了被试通过整合主干事实生成新知识的时间进程。结果发现:(1)知识整合事实相对于传递性推理事实和新颖事实诱发了更小的N400,与众所周知事实没有显著差异,表明通过整合生成的新信息已经快速纳入了语义知识库;(2)对比两次呈现,延迟性整合事实在第二次呈现的350ms之后波幅显著下降,与众所周知事实没有显著差异,表明知识经验影响了整合的时间进程,相较两个新信息之间的即时整合,新旧信息之间的延迟整合需要更多的时间。 相似文献
812.
Tool use is an important facet of everyday life, though sometimes it is necessary to use tools in ways that do not fit within their typical functions. Here we asked participants to imagine characters using objects based on instructions that fit the prototypical actions for the object or were atypical in a novel object-action imagery task. Atypical action instructions either described sensible, substitute uses of the object, or actions that were bizarre but possible. Participants were better able to imagine the prototypical than atypical actions, but no effect of bizarreness was found. We additionally assessed inter-individual differences in movement imagery ability using two objective tests. Performance in the object-action imagery task correlated with the movement imagery tests, providing a link between motor simulations and mental imagery ability. 相似文献
813.
Relativism is often motivated in terms of certain types of disagreement. In this paper, we survey the philosophical debates over two such types: faultless disagreement in the case of gustatory conflict, and fundamental disagreement in the case of epistemic conflict. Each of the two discussions makes use of a (largely) implicit conception of judgement: brute judgement in the case of faultless disagreement, and rule-governed judgement in the case of fundamental disagreement. We show that the prevalent accounts work with unreasonably high levels of idealization. We defend two claims. First, philosophical discussions of disagreement need to be de-idealized. Second, once a less idealized account of disagreement is available, both our conception of judgement and our understanding of relativism need to be revised. Our example is a case study in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge: Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer’s classic Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985). This case study gives a less idealized account of disagreement that conceptualizes judgements as situated (rather than brute or rule-governed). We argue that this conception can and should be applied to cases of gustatory and epistemic disagreement. The payoff will be a reformulation of relativism in terms of rationally resolvable yet contingent disagreements. 相似文献
814.
Paul Faulkner 《International Journal of Philosophical Studies》2018,26(2):139-155
AbstractFaced with evidence that what a person said is false, we can nevertheless trust them and so believe what they say – choosing to give them the benefit of the doubt. This is particularly notable when the person is a friend, or someone we are close to. Towards such persons, we demonstrate a remarkable epistemic partiality. We can trust, and so believe, our friends even when the balance of the evidence suggests that what they tell us is false. And insofar as belief is possible, it is also possible to acquire testimonial knowledge on those occasions when the friends know what they tell us. This paper seeks to explain these psychological and epistemological possibilities. 相似文献
815.
Stephen Wright 《International Journal of Philosophical Studies》2018,26(2):187-204
AbstractPessimists about trust in the normative domain believe that (i) forming normative beliefs on the basis of trusting others is problematic, (ii) forming normative beliefs in other ways is not so problematic and (iii) forming non-normative beliefs on the basis of trust is not so problematic. Whilst there is substantial disagreement over the best way of accounting for pessimist ideas about trust, it is widely accepted that the intuitively problematic character of forming normative beliefs on the basis of trust cannot be explained in terms of the idea that trust cannot be a source of normative knowledge. This paper argues that the dismissal of scepticism about trust as a source of normative knowledge is unwarranted. It does so by developing a sceptical explanation of pessimist ideas, arguing that the obvious arguments against the sceptical explanation fail and arguing that the sceptical explanation has the resources to resolve the considerations that present problems for existing explanations. 相似文献
816.
Lucy Campbell 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2018,26(3):578-602
The account of intentional action Anscombe provides in her (1957) Intention has had a huge influence on the development of contemporary action theory. But what is intentional action, according to Anscombe? She seems to give two different answers, saying first that they are actions to which a special sense of the question ‘Why?’ is applicable, and second that they form a sub-class of the things a person knows without observation. Anscombe gives no explicit account of how these two characterizations converge on a single phenomenon, leaving us with a puzzle. I solve the puzzle by elucidating Anscombe's two characterizations in concert with several other key concepts in ‘Intention’, including, ‘practical reasons’, the sui generis kind of explanation these provide, the distinction between ‘practical’ and ‘speculative’ knowledge, the formal features which mark this distinction, and Anscombe's characterization of practical knowledge as knowledge ‘in intention’. 相似文献
817.
Several studies have revealed syntactic priming effects in 3- and 4-year-old children. However, the eventual role of syntactic priming in the learning of complex syntactic structures has rarely been investigated. The current paper investigated in young children the effect of being exposed to complex syntaxic structures employed by adults. In this perspective, we used a syntactic priming paradigm with kindergarten children. It aimed at studying whether children would in turn spontaneously produce more complex syntactic structures, compared to another condition with no prior exposure to such complex sentences. We determined the cognitive and linguistic factors susceptible to explain inter-individual differences in syntactic priming. The finding suggests that syntactic priming procedure can to be used to train young children to produce complex syntactic structures. Lexical knowledge and short-term phonological memory could explain inter-individual differences in the use of these complex syntactic structures. These results are discussed at the theoretical level, but also in terms of possible educational implications. 相似文献
818.
Gudela Grote José M. Cortina 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2018,27(3):335-341
In this essay, we discuss reasons that work and organizational psychology does not live up to its self-declared mission of being an applied science in the service of improving both people’s quality of working life and organizational effectiveness. We use fundamentals of research on creativity and innovation as a lens through which we can view problems and possible solutions to these problems. In particular, we stress that innovation entails not only new, but also useful insights, that innovation requires “rewarding failure”, and that innovation feeds off of team diversity. We provide suggestions for how the definition of theoretical and empirical contributions of research, reward systems, and collaboration practices could be changed to foster innovative research that helps people thrive at work. 相似文献
819.
《The British journal of developmental psychology》2018,36(3):384-401
Statement of contribution
what is already known on infants’ sensorimotor knowledge about their own bodies- 3‐month‐olds readily learn to produce specific limb movements to obtain a desired effect (movement of a mobile).
- infants detect temporal and spatial correspondences between events involving their own body and visual events.
- until 4–5 months of age, infants mostly produce general motor responses to localized touch.
- this is because in the present study, infants could not rely on immediate contingent feedback.
- we propose a cephalocaudal developmental trend of topographic differentiation of body areas.
820.
摘 要 通过对350名知识型员工及其领导的配对问卷调查,探讨心理弹性对知识型员工创造力的作用机制。结果表明,心理弹性对心理安全感有显著的正向影响;心理安全感完全中介了心理弹性对创造力的影响;创造力自我效能感调节了心理安全感对创造力的正向作用;创造力自我效能感调节了心理安全感在心理弹性与创造力之间的中介作用。 相似文献