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181.
Christopher M. Berry Peng Zhao Juan Carlos Batarse Craig Reddock 《Personnel Psychology》2020,73(3):517-542
Previous studies have concluded that cognitive ability tests are not predictively biased against Hispanic American job applicants because test scores generally overpredict, rather than underpredict, their job performance. However, we highlight two important shortcomings of these past studies and use meta-analytic and computation modeling techniques to address these two shortcomings. In Study 1, an updated meta-analysis of the Hispanic–White mean difference (d-value) on job performance was carried out. In Study 2, computation modeling was used to correct the Study 1 d-values for indirect range restriction and combine them with other meta-analytic parameters relevant to predictive bias to determine how often cognitive ability test scores underpredict Hispanic applicants’ job performance. Hispanic applicants’ job performance was underpredicted by a small to moderate amount in most conditions of the computation model. In contrast to previous studies, this suggests cognitive ability tests can be expected to exhibit predictive bias against Hispanic applicants much of the time. However, some conditions did not exhibit underprediction, highlighting that predictive bias depends on various selection system parameters, such as the criterion-related validity of cognitive ability tests and other predictors used in selection. Regardless, our results challenge “lack of predictive bias” as a rationale for supporting test use. 相似文献
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183.
两宋瘟疫灾害考述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
邱云飞 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(6):70-72,77
两宋时期爆发的瘟疫次数比较多,在时间上,不是呈平均之势,而是不规则,无周期的;空间分布上呈现出南方比北方多,东部比西部多的特征。由于瘟疫造成的危害比较大,当时人们在和瘟疫的多次斗争中摸索出一些防治措施,积累了相当丰富的经验。 相似文献
184.
家庭寄养和孤残儿童的社会适应能力发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究运用儿童适应行为评定量表.对上海市的70名家庭寄养及31名在院的孤残儿童进行了测量。结果表明;家庭寄养有助于孤残儿童的适应能力的发展,而且传统的隔离式孤残儿童养育方式向融合式转变是成功的;孤残儿盘的寄养年龄越小.其适应能力越好,也越有利于安置的成功。 相似文献
185.
Douglas Cullinan Mark Harniss Michael H. Epstein Gail Ryser 《Journal of child and family studies》2001,10(4):449-466
The Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance (SAED) is a standardized, norm-referenced measure designed to operationalize the federal definition of Emotional Disturbance. It has demonstrated content validity and reliability. The two studies reported here address the SAED's concurrent validity. Samples in each study consisted of students identified with Emotional Disturbance. In both studies, special education teachers rated students on the SAED and a second measure of children's emotional and behavior problems. In the first study the SAED was compared to the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist. Correlations were generally moderate to high for similar subscales and low for dissimilar subscales. In the second study, the SAED was compared to the Teacher Report Form. Again, correlations generally were as expected and compatible with results of the first study. Results indicate that the SAED emotional and behavior problem subscales measure constructs akin to emotional and behavior problems measured by similar collections of item on the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist and Teacher Report Form. Implications of results and recommendations for use of the SAED are discussed. 相似文献
186.
Christopher I. Higginson Julie A. Fields William C. Koller Alexander I. Tröster 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(2):95-99
Assessment of anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated by symptoms, such as trembling and shaking, that the two disorders have in common. This symptom overlap produces a potential for overestimation of the rate and severity of anxiety when assessed by self-report questionnaire. The purpose of this study is to estimate the extent to which anxiety scores in PD patients might be overestimated by two commonly-used mood state questionnaires. Fifty-nine patients with PD were administered the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Profile of Mood States. Results indicate that the rate of clinically significant anxiety on these measures is indeed higher than the rate of clinical anxiety as determined by interview alone, suggesting the potential for overestimation of anxiety in PD when using self-report questionnaires. 相似文献
187.
Geraldine Clarke 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2001,1(2):111-123
This paper presents research that uses cognitive and affective semantic differential scales to construct an attitude measuring instrument to be used in the services domain in the context of long applications to buy a service. The scales measure ‘Attitude to the Application Process’ (AAP) which represents satisfaction, as an internal ‘buying process’ attitude, which moderates the buying intention. Data collected over a three‐year period between 1996‐9, was analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results provide evidence of a robust and useful cognitive scale. Although there were anomalies in the exploratory and confirmatory analysis of the affective scale, a robust scale is presented which represents either one or two factors. The whole measuring instrument of 14 items was developed as a means to access applicant attitudes during the application process to university — an extended and extreme application situation for first‐time consumers. The results identify that the instrument is sound and can be used in its original or modified form, depending on the context of the service‐process monitoring situation. The scales represent aspects of attitude not dealt with extensively in the literature and measure the perception of the application process as simple, open, friendly and helpful. These aspects of satisfaction mirror three attributes of service quality: assurance, responsiveness and empathy identified in previous research. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications. 相似文献
188.
Pere J. Ferrando 《Psychometrika》2007,72(1):25-41
Using Lumsden’s Thurstonian fluctuation model as a starting point, this paper attempts to develop a unidimensional item response
theory model intended for binary personality items. Under some additional assumptions, a new model is obtained in which the
item characteristic curves are defined by a cumulative Pearson-Type-VII distribution, and the person response curves are two-parameter
normal ogives. Procedures for fitting the new model are proposed. Furthermore, the relations between individual fluctuation
and scalability are discussed, and a scalability index based on the new model is proposed. All the developments in this paper
are illustrated using two empirical examples. 相似文献
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190.
局部繁荣下的贫困问题已成为当今世界面临的最大挑战,理解贫困以及与贫困有关的心理模型和决策过程、并促进人类的幸福与公正,是心理学家的一项重要使命。文章旨在阐明心理学在理解贫困和减贫工作中的角色,并对贫困心理学的研究思路、贫困归因的测量方法及其影响因素作一介绍。最后,在总结成就与问题的基础上,建议未来的贫困心理学应对特殊的目标群体做更多关注,并发展更可靠的测量方法,挖掘更多影响贫困心理的人格、社会因素 相似文献