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121.
采用结论评估范式,考察时向和空间关系推理中信念偏差效应的表现形式,以及心理模型理论对关系推理中信念偏差效应的解释力。研究结果表明,关系推理中信念偏差效应的表现形式与三段论有所不同,不论是时间推理还是空间推理中都存在信念主效应,但没有发现信念与逻辑的交互作用;心理模型理论不能对关系推理中信念偏差效应作出合理解释。 相似文献
122.
Him Cheung Hsuan-Chih Chen William Yeung 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,104(2):141-42
Previous research has shown that linguistic forms that codify mental contents bear a specific relation with children’s false belief understanding. These forms include mental verbs and their following complements, yet the two have not been considered separately. The current study examined the roles of mental verb semantics and the complement syntax in children’s false belief understanding. Independent tasks were used to measure verb meaning, complements, and false belief understanding such that the verbs in question were present only in the verb meaning test, and no linguistic devices biased toward false belief were used in the false belief test. We focused on (a) some mental verbs that obligatorily affirm or negate what follows and (b) sentential complements, the content of which is to be evaluated against the mind of another person, not reality. Results showed that only (a) predicted false belief understanding in a group of Cantonese-speaking 4-year-olds, controlling for nonverbal intelligence and general language ability. In particular, children’s understanding of the strong nonfactive semantics of the Cantonese verbs /ji5-wai4/ (“falsely think”) predicted false belief understanding most strongly. The current findings suggest that false belief understanding is specifically related to the comprehension of mental verbs that entail false thought in their semantics. 相似文献
123.
公共物品两难中相互依赖关系对合作行为的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文关注初始关系建立过程中互动双方相互依赖关系对个体合作行为的影响,认为情境中表征个体间相互依赖关系的线索会对激活被试在情境中的社会动机并影响被试的信任信念,进而影响互动双方的合作行为。操作互动双方问基于互动制约的相互依赖和基于利益共同的相互依赖,模拟高相互依赖和低相互依赖关系情境。结果表明:①不同的相互依赖关系能够激活不同的社会动机和信任信念;②不同的相互依赖关系中,被试的合作行为有显著差异;③在特定的相互依赖关系中,被试的合作行为与其本身的信任倾向无显著相关;④特定相互依赖关系下被试的社会动机带有策略性,信任信念对被试合作行为的预测能力较强。 相似文献
124.
5~8岁儿童对模糊信息具有多重解释的理解 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
参照Carpendale和Chandler的实验范式,研究儿童对于“人们可能对同样信息给出不同解释”这一现象的理解,考察5~8岁儿童的解释性心理理论的发展。结果表明,5岁儿童不能理解心理过程的解释性,认为同样的信息只有一种合理的解释。从6岁开始,儿童才认识到,模糊信息可以有多种解释,但6、7岁时的这种理解并不完善,成绩随着任务要求而变化。8岁儿童才有比较稳定的解释性心理理论。 相似文献
125.
本研究以526名高中生为被试,运用自行编制的"高中生认识论信念问卷",考察了高中生认识论信念的性别差异、年龄特点以及学校类型差异。结果表明:高中生认识论信念的各个维度上不存在性别差异,但存在着极其显著的学校差异;在整合建构信念、能力信念方面,存在着显著的年级差异;在零散接受信念上存在着学校与年级的交互作用。 相似文献
126.
推理是人们认知的根本。人们在推理过程中,受到许多因素的影响,大致可以分为内在(个体差异)因素和外在(任务)因素。该文主要针对影响三段论推理的内在因素(个体差异)进行评论,并且讨论了将来的研究方向。 相似文献
127.
In this article we strive to provide a detailed and principled analysis of the role of beliefs in goal processing—that is,
the cognitive transition that leads from a mere desire to a proper intention. The resulting model of belief-based goal processing has also relevant consequences for the analysis of intentions, and constitutes the necessary core of a constructive theory of intentions, i.e. a framework that not only analyzes what an intention is, but also explains how it becomes what it is. We discuss similarities
and differences between our approach and other standard accounts of intention, in particular Bratman’s planning theory. The
aim here is to question and refine the conceptual foundations of many theories of intentional action: as a consequence, although
our analysis is not formal in itself, it is ultimately meant to have deep consequences for formal models of intentional agency. 相似文献
128.
Richard Bradley 《Synthese》2007,156(3):513-535
Richard Jeffrey regarded the version of Bayesian decision theory he floated in ‘The Logic of Decision’ and the idea of a probability
kinematics—a generalisation of Bayesian conditioning to contexts in which the evidence is ‘uncertain’—as his two most important
contributions to philosophy. This paper aims to connect them by developing kinematical models for the study of preference
change and practical deliberation. Preference change is treated in a manner analogous to Jeffrey’s handling of belief change:
not as mechanical outputs of combinations of intrinsic desires plus information, but as a matter of judgement and of making
up one’s mind. In the first section Jeffrey’s probability kinematics is motivated and extended to the treatment of changes
in conditional belief. In the second, analogous kinematical models are developed for preference change and in particular belief-induced
change that depends on an invariance condition for conditional preference. The two are the brought together in the last section
in a tentative model of pratical deliberation.
This paper is one of a pair dedicated to Richard Jeffrey and prepared for a workshop held in his memory at the 26th International
Wittgenstein Symposium. My thanks to the organisers of, and the participants in, this workshop and to two anonymous referees
for their comments. 相似文献
129.
Hamid Vahid 《Metaphilosophy》2001,32(3):308-325
In a number of articles Donald Davidson has argued that the charitable nature of his method of radical interpretation rules out the possibility of massive error and thus refutes Cartesian skepticism. The diversity of such arguments and the suggestions that are all being made under the name of the principle of charity have prompted a large body of conflicting responses, adding only to the obscurity of the issues that are generally associated with the question of skepticism. In this paper I propose to consider the debate in a new light by reconstruing the principle of charity as a supervenience constraint on belief attribution. This would help explain some of the puzzling features of Davidson's arguments, like the idea of an omniscient interpreter, and the ensuing commentaries. Having provided an analysis of the limitations of Davidson's arguments, I shall then suggest an alternative explanation of the purported necessity of the principle of charity. Finally, having construed the principle of charity as a supervenience constraint, I shall examine what consequences this construal has for the logical status of the principle itself and its alleged epistemic potentials. 相似文献
130.