儿童执行功能与情绪调节

大脑执行功能是一种调节、控制、综合、分析个体心理过程和外显行为的认知神经机制。儿童的高级认知活动、社会性行为（同伴交往、攻击性行为）都受到执行功能发展水平的制约。研究者希望通过儿童执行功能的发展,了解整个执行系统的发展成熟过程,揭示执行控制机能的内在机制。同时,有研究者把执行控制这种认知神经机制和儿童的社会性行为包括自我控制、情绪调控等方面的发展结合起来研究,从中发现二者的联系。该文就这方面的核心问题以及研究成果进行了综述。     

HSK主观考试评分的Rasch实验分析

主观评分中存在的不一致性导致主观评分的信度降低。多面Rasch模型基于项目反应理论,可以应用于评分员效应的识别和消除,从而提高主观评分的信度。该文介绍多面Rasch模型的理论和应用框架,设计了基于该模型的HSK主观考试评分质量控制应用框架,利用HSK作文评分数据进行了实验验证。     

Predictors of Satisfaction with Obstetric Care in High-risk Pregnancy: The Importance of Patient–Provider Relationship

The study set out to examine the predictive effects of patients’ emotional distress and their relationships with their health care providers on satisfaction with obstetric services in high-risk pregnancies. Participants were 104 pregnant women with a history of recurrent losses, fetal demise, previous or current fetal genetic abnormality, advanced maternal age, or obstetric or medical complications of the present pregnancy. Self-report measures of emotional distress and the quality of their relationships with their medical provider were administered. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive effect of these variables on satisfaction with services. Provision of information, constructive communication, and good relationships predicted elevated satisfaction with health services. Provision of information also buffered against the adverse effect of emotional distress on satisfaction with health services. These findings elucidate the central role of provider–patient interaction, particularly as it is related to provision of information, in high-risk pregnancy.     

Ethical Problems Inherent in Psychological Research based on Internet Communication as Stored Information

This paper deals with certain ethical problems inherent in psychological research based on internet communication as stored information. Section 1 contains an analysis of research on Internet debates. In particular, it takes into account a famous example of deception for psychology research purposes. In section 2, the focus is on research on personal data in texts published on the Internet. Section 3 includes an attempt to formulate some ethical principles and guidelines, which should be regarded as fundamental in research on stored information.     

不同信息负荷下注意选择性研究

本实验利用双侧视野的追随程序,把外显测验和内隐测验技术结合起来,对注意的选择性进行研究。实验结果显示。在低信息负荷和中信息负荷的时候,对追随视野的追踪没有抑制对非追随视野的认知加工,两侧视野中进行高级认知加工的信息没有显著差别,这符合反应选择的观点;在信息负荷较高而发生超载的时候,对追随视野的追踪抑制了对非追随视野的认知加工,两侧视野中进行高级认知加工的信息达到显著差别,这符合知觉选择的观点。有关知觉选择和反应选择的争论,在不同信息负荷水平这个框架内得到了有效地解决。     

旅游信息特征对旅游决策影响的实验研究

本研究探讨了旅游信息特征对旅游者旅游决策的影响。研究表明,在旅游决策过程中,信息框架对旅游决策的结果,具有非常显著的影响,正面框架比负面框架,导致了更大额度的旅游消费决策;信息可信性对旅游决策的结果,也具有非常显著的影响,可信性高的信息,导致了较高额度的旅游消费选择。     

Rollercoaster asthma: when positive emotional stress interferes with dyspnea perception

The current study assessed how negative and positive stress is related to dyspnea perception. The participants were 25 young women with a medical diagnosis of severe asthma, and 15 matched controls. Stress was induced during repeated rollercoaster rides. Results showed that negative emotional stress and blood pressure peaked just before, and positive emotional stress and heart beat peaked immediately after rollercoaster rides. Dyspnea in women with asthma was higher just before than immediately after rollercoaster rides, even in women with asthma with a rollercoaster-evoked reduction in lung function. These results suggest that stressed and highly aroused individuals with chronic asthma tend to perceive dyspnea in terms of acquired, familiar associations between dyspnea and positive versus negative feeling states, favoring either underperception or overperception of dyspnea, depending on the emotional valence of a situation.     

Countertransference as active imagination: imaginative experiences of the analyst

Active imagination is at the heart of Jung's elucidation of depth psychology. Yet, in the discourse of present day analytical psychology theory it is not always given the serious attention accorded to some other Jungian concepts. Active imagination emerges spontaneously within the 'third' area--the imaginal or dynamic field--in-between patient and analyst. It is commonly regarded as the patient's experience but I am proposing that, looked upon as the analyst's experience as well, active imagination offers a distinctly Jungian way of understanding some forms of countertransference. I am describing what I think many present-day analytical psychologists already do in their clinical practice but, as far as I know, it has not been theorized in quite this way before. The intention is to exploit the unique contribution of our Jungian heritage by reframing certain profoundly symbolic countertransference-generated imagery as active imagination. In this article these are differentiated from other less complex forms of imaginative countertransference through examples from clinical practice. The point is that such countertransference experiences may activate the symbolic function in the analyst and thus contribute to the mediation of emergent consciousness in the analysand.     

Symbolic conceptions: the idea of the third

The idea of the third which appears in Jung's concepts of the transcendent function and the coniunctio also occurs in several psychoanalytic theories concerning the emergence of reflective and symbolic thought in childhood development (defined here as the development of 'imaginal capacity'). Noting the way this process is often conceived in terms of the metaphor of sexual intercourse leading to 'conception', this paper suggests that such images need to be understood as symbolic conceptions of the meaning-making functions of the human mind. This leads to a different view of psychoanalytic theories that attempt to account for the development of imaginal capacity in terms of the Oedipus complex. It is suggested that a) these functions must be operative in the mind before the Oedipal situation can become meaningful and b) that psychoanalytic theories are themselves symbolic conceptions which, like mythological narratives, seek to communicate and comprehend psychic reality through imaginal forms.     

Alphabetizing in old age

Abstract: A long term, intensive analysis with a woman in old old age is reported. An attempt is made to answer the question, ‘What, in analytic work, is healing?’. The patient's previous classical Jungian work is contrasted with the author's developmental perspective. It is suggested that an enactment, representing what Neville Symington has called an analyst's act of freedom, was crucial in effecting a profound transformation in the patient's psyche.