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291.
    
Research in behavioral economics finds that moral considerations bear on the offers that people make and accept in negotiations. This finding is relevant for political negotiations, wherein moral concerns are manifold. However, behavioral economics has yet to incorporate a major theme from moral psychology: People differ, sometimes immensely, in which issues they perceive to be a matter of morality. We review research about the measurement and characteristics of moral convictions. We hypothesize that moral conviction leads to uncompromising bargaining strategies and failed negotiations. We test this theory in three incentivized experiments in which participants bargain over political policies with real payoffs at stake. We find that participants' moral convictions are linked with aggressive bargaining strategies, which helps explain why it is harder to forge bargains on some political issues than others. We also find substantial asymmetries between liberals and conservatives in the intensity of their moral convictions about different issues.  相似文献   
292.
    
The theory of public finance suggests that public sector intervention in the economy primarily concerns the efficient allocation of resources, equal distribution of wealth, and stabilization of economic activity throughout the operating cycle. Given that prisons are a public investment, this study identified the criteria involved in selecting the location of prisons in Turkey, a topic that has not been discussed before. The criteria for locating these establishments were analysed using an analytical network process in which the weight of each criterion in the total was determined by conducting a face‐to‐face survey with officials in the justice system who are difficult to access. The results show that political factors (50.89%) had the biggest influence on the location selection of a prison, and the positive impact on economic development of the selected region was only 13.56%. In contrast to the existing literature, location selection in Turkey does not follow the theory of public finance: the economic impacts are not considered, and decisions are taken politically.  相似文献   
293.
    
This study examines factors related to willingness to host refugees. We examined the role of national attitudes (patriotism, nationalism), out‐group attitudes (classic and modern prejudice), and zero‐sum thinking: Belief in a Zero‐Sum Game and psychological entitlement in attitudes towards hosting refugees. We proposed including zero‐sum thinking as possible mediator between national attitudes and attitudes towards refugees based on assumption that nationalism is a competitive attitude towards out‐groups, while patriotism does not. Structural equation modelling based on a Polish national sample (N = 1092) revealed that patriotism is positively associated with willingness to host refugees, through its negative association with prejudice via decreasing zero‐sum thinking. Nationalism was negatively associated with willingness to host refugees, through prejudice via increasing zero‐sum thinking. Findings are discussed in the context of current refugee policies.  相似文献   
294.
    
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is seen as an essential part of development due to the contribution of the host country. Profits of FDI such as technology transfers, spillover benefits, and increasing competition have encouraged both of domestic firms and policymakers to attracting FDI. In the course of making investment decisions, foreign investors prefer countries that follow stable economic policies, achieve a certain level of development of financial structure, and have legal regulations that favour foreign capital. Turkey, one of the emerging market economies, met the challenges including but not limited to high inflation, diminishing growth rates, and currency depreciation. Even with its ongoing currency crisis, Turkey continues to remain a top pick for investors. From this point of view, this paper investigates the selection of the most suitable sector by taking into consideration the economic, political, and country factors for foreign investors. The proposed methodology for sector selection contains three stages. The criteria for FDI are defined from the current literature, and we narrow it down according to the opinions of the decision‐making group. After that, the analytic hierarchy process method used to obtain the priority order of the criteria. Finally, we use the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method to rank the sectors in accordance with the evaluation criteria. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis to observe the effects of possible changes in the weights of the criteria. We designate three prime criteria, which are political, economic, and country. The results indicate that political criterion have the highest weight and based on the results of stages, manufacturing sector is obtained as primer election industry.  相似文献   
295.
《Pratiques Psychologiques》2019,25(2):169-181
IntroductionThe low to moderate benefit of current care on optimal functioning in depressed patient encourages the development and evaluation of new interventions in this area.ObjectiveThis study aims at the clinical evaluation by single case of a serious game focused on personal resources in depressed population.MethodThe recommendations of the Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) Statement were respected to design and report the results of this single-case research (Tate et al., 2016). A Withdrawal/Reversal ABA design has been applied to a young patient hospitalized for depression. Each phase contained 3 measurement opportunities spaced 7 to 10 days apart. In intervention phase B, a serious game was introduced in positive psychotherapy workshops without replacing the patient's usual care.ResultsIn the patient, serious game had a clinically significant benefit on depression, psychological well-being and affects. On the other hand, an increase in stress and anxiety levels, as well as a progressive decrease in the feeling of autonomy were also observed.ConclusionSerious game as a therapeutic mediator seems to have demonstrated its effectiveness for the patient. The reduction in depression coupled with the increase in stress and anxiety points out a favourable progression of the patient's problem. Elements specific to the patient's intra-individual problem were highlighted and could shed light on her clinical management.  相似文献   
296.
    
This article provides a systematic review and updated meta‐analysis of the extant literature on Rusbult's Investment Model of Commitment. This meta‐analysis aimed to determine the strength of the associations between commitment and its antecedents and to investigate potential moderators of these associations. This meta‐analysis included 50,427 participants from 202 independent samples (collected between 1980 and early 2016) that had examined the intercorrelations between satisfaction, investment size, quality of alternatives, and commitment. Across all studies, satisfaction had the largest aggregate association with commitment (r = 0.65), followed by investments (r = 0.53) and quality of alternatives (r = ?0.43). Several significant moderators of the relationships between the antecedents and commitment were also identified. Implications and future research directions are discussed.  相似文献   
297.
    
Cognitive dysfunction is a common problem in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This not only affects the comprehensive rehabilitation of motor function and activities of daily living, but also directly affects the social adaptability, and brings difficulties to the reintegration of Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation of Alzheimer's patients has become one of the important topics facing the medical community. Under the concept of human-computer interaction design, this study uses puzzle games as an entry point to observe the impact of puzzle games on cognitive function guidance and improvement in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Expecting to provide daily rehabilitation for patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is also hoped that it can promote the cognitive ability recovery of Alzheimer's patients, effectively delay the progress of dementia, improve the daily living ability and adaptability of patients, and improve the quality of life and life.  相似文献   
298.
    
Cooperation is vital for modern society. Previous studies showed that procedural fairness promotes cooperation; however, they mainly focused on cooperation intention, which may fail to reveal actual cooperative behaviour. Moreover, little is known regarding the personality boundary of the effect of procedural fairness on cooperation. Guided by previous findings that self-esteem increases sensitivity to procedural unfairness, we attempted to explore the moderating effect of self-esteem on the association between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour. In Experiment 1, 160 participants' self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; procedural fairness was manipulated in two conditions, depending on whether money was allocated in an economic game by rolling the dice twice or an allocator's arbitrary choice. Cooperative behaviour was assessed using the chicken game paradigm. Experiment 2 (148 participants) aimed to replicate and extend the results of Experiment 1 using a more rigorous experimental design, in which the possible effect of outcome favourability was excluded. The results of both experiments consistently showed that procedural fairness positively predicted cooperative behaviour, and this association was significant in high-self-esteem individuals, but not in low-self-esteem individuals. These findings shed light on the vital role of self-esteem in understanding the relationship between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour.  相似文献   
299.
    
Many prepared actions have to be withheld for a certain amount of time in order to have the most beneficial outcome. Therefore, keeping track of time accurately is vital to using temporal regularities in our environment. Traditional theories assume that time is tracked by means of a clock and an “attentional gate” (AG) that modulates subjective time if not enough attentional resources are directed toward the temporal process. According to the AG theory, the moment of distraction does not have an influence on the subjective modulation. Here, we show, based on an analysis of 28,354 datasets, that highly motivated players of the online multiplayer real-time strategy game StarCraft2 indeed respond later to timed events when they are distracted by other tasks during the interval. However, transient periods of distraction during the interval influence the response time to a lesser degree than distraction just before the required response. We extend the work of Taatgen, van Rijn, and Anderson (2007) and propose an alternative active check theory that postulates that distracted attention prevents people from checking their internal clock; we demonstrate that this account better predicts variance observed in response time. By analyzing StarCraft2 data, we assessed the role of attention in a naturalistic setting that more directly generalizes to real-world settings than typical laboratory studies.  相似文献   
300.
    
This work is an initial step toward developing a cognitive theory of cyber deception. While widely studied, the psychology of deception has largely focused on physical cues of deception. Given that present-day communication among humans is largely electronic, we focus on the cyber domain where physical cues are unavailable and for which there is less psychological research. To improve cyber defense, researchers have used signaling theory to extended algorithms developed for the optimal allocation of limited defense resources by using deceptive signals to trick the human mind. However, the algorithms are designed to protect against adversaries that make perfectly rational decisions. In behavioral experiments using an abstract cybersecurity game (i.e., Insider Attack Game), we examined human decision-making when paired against the defense algorithm. We developed an instance-based learning (IBL) model of an attacker using the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture to investigate how humans make decisions under deception in cyber-attack scenarios. Our results show that the defense algorithm is more effective at reducing the probability of attack and protecting assets when using deceptive signaling, compared to no signaling, but is less effective than predicted against a perfectly rational adversary. Also, the IBL model replicates human attack decisions accurately. The IBL model shows how human decisions arise from experience, and how memory retrieval dynamics can give rise to cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias. The implications of these findings are discussed in the perspective of informing theories of deception and designing more effective signaling schemes that consider human bounded rationality.  相似文献   
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