学校氛围和青少年病理性网络游戏使用的关系:有调节的中介模型

采用问卷法对3056名青少年进行调查研究,考察了学校氛围对青少年病理性网络游戏使用(Pathological online game use, POGU)的影响,同时考察了学校参与在其中的中介作用,以及该过程是否受到父子关系或母子关系的调节.结果发现:(1)在控制了性别、年龄、父母受教育水平、亲子关系、家庭收入和冲动性后,学校氛围对POGU仍具有显著的负向预测作用;(2)学校氛围不仅可以直接负向预测POGU,还可以通过影响学校参与进而间接预测青少年POGU;(3)母子关系显著调节学校氛围对学校参与的影响,而父子关系显著调节学校参与对青少年POGU的作用.总之,在学校氛围影响青少年POGU的过程中,既存在中介效应,又存在调节效应.实际干预时,可以通过提高学校参与降低青少年POGU,父子关系和母子关系可以进一步调节该过程.     

攻击性网络游戏对个体内隐攻击性的影响

本研究考察了攻击性网络内容对个体内隐攻击性的影响,结果发现,攻击性网络内容可以提高网络游戏接触者的内隐攻击性,同时被试的性别影响了攻击性网络内容的影响程度。     

Where Do Social Norms Come From?

ABSTRACT— Where do social norms come from? Part of the answer must surely lie in such norms' ability to support individual adaptive success in local ecologies. This theme is dominant in analyses of social behavior by economic game theorists and behavioral-ecology researchers, but it has been neglected by psychologists. An illustration of the methods and advantages of the adaptationist approach to understanding the emergence of social norms is provided. Some surprising behavioral results from modern industrial societies that reflect social-sharing norms of modern hunter-gatherer societies are consistent with our adaptive analysis.     

同伴侵害对青少年问题性网络游戏使用的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

采用问卷法对1401名青少年进行调查研究,考察了同伴侵害对青少年问题性网络游戏使用（Problematic online game use,POGU）的影响,同时考察了学业自我效能感在其中的中介作用,以及该过程是否受到父母知情的调节。结果发现：（1）在控制了性别、年龄和家庭社会经济地位（SES）后,同伴侵害仍可显著正向预测青少年POGU;（2）同伴侵害不仅可以直接正向预测青少年POGU,还可以通过影响学业自我效能感进而间接预测青少年POGU;（3）父母知情显著调节同伴侵害影响青少年POGU的直接效应,较高的父母知情可以缓冲同伴侵害的负面效应;（4）父母知情显著调节中介模型的后半段（学业自我效能感→POGU）,即低水平的父母知情放大了低学业自我效能感对青少年POGU的风险效应。     

名利博弈中的舍利取义行为

名利博弈是在名与利不可兼得的情境下对名利进行取舍的决策。在名利博弈中, 人们往往表现出舍利取义的行为倾向。竞争性利他理论主张舍利取义是一种吸引他人对自己“投资”的获利策略。名利博弈的博弈对象具有的身份信息会对博弈者舍利取义的行为倾向产生影响。身份中所蕴涵的以能力为代表的客观回应潜力限定了获取名声可带来利益的上限, 以社会距离为代表的主观回应潜力反映着个体主观认为他人向自己提供利益的可能。两者共同影响着名利博弈中舍利取义的产生, 成为名利博弈倾向的核心影响因素。未来研究应从博弈对象的主、客观回应潜力出发, 关注详细身份、具体身份、模糊身份等三个层面, 进一步验证名利博弈影响因素的普遍性, 为名利博弈内部机制的建构与验证提供更为坚实的实证依据。     

People avoid situations that enable them to deceive others

Information advantage enables people to benefit themselves by deceiving their counterparts. Using a modified ultimatum bargaining game with an exit option, we find that people are more likely to avoid settings enabling them to privately deceive their counterparts than settings which do not enable deception. This tendency is explained by people's reduced desire to become responsible for the other's outcomes when deception is possible. Results of three experiments show that people avoid entering a setting that enables deception by appearing fair while being unfair (Exp. 1–3). Experiment 2 showed that this tendency was reduced when interaction partners were displayed as competitive rather than cooperative. Experiment 3 showed a stronger tendency to avoid tempting situations that enable private deception than to approach situations in which one can privately benefit others. We conclude that when navigating through social space, people avoid situations enabling them to deceive others.     

Habitual computer game playing at night is related to depressive symptoms

This study investigated whether the amount and circadian time of habitual computer game playing were related to depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults. We expected that habitual late playing relates to more depressive symptoms beyond the effect of the total time of computer game playing as playing at night may involve short, irregular, and disturbed sleep as well as misalignment of the circadian rhythm. 646 adolescents and young adults (ages 13–30; 90.9% males) who play the internet role-playing game World of Warcraft completed an online questionnaire. Habitual computer game playing between 10 pm and 6 am was related to an increased risk of high depression scores independent of the total amount of playing. Adolescents (ages 13–17 years) were most vulnerable when habitually playing during early night (i.e., 10–12 pm), while emergent adults (ages 18–22 years) showed more vulnerability when habitually playing late at night (i.e., after 2 am). The effect was partly mediated by daytime sleepiness but not by sleep loss or insomnia problems.     

社会两难行为理性特点的实验分析

本研究运用定量和定性的方法探讨了动态适应性学习条件下两难行为的理性特点及其影响因素。72名杭州本科生参加了本实验,结果发现:1、在有限次重复的两难博弈实验中,人们的两难行为不符合纳什博弈理论,进一步的定性分析指出,这种两难行为体现出“社会理性”的特征;2、在高奖罚的条件下,人们更容易做出接近“纳什均衡点”决策;3、群体规模和反馈方式对人们的对策行为影响不显著,但是,进一步的定性分析部分支持了群体规模的社会理性解释。     

人际信任与合作的培养:基于信任和公共品博弈的实验研究

研究运用经济行为学的博弈实验法,探索了不同人际信任和合作的培养模式的效果问题。实验一和实验二分别采用两人信任博弈和六人公共品博弈实验范式,探讨了替代强化、直接强化和对照组等不同培养模式下的信任和合作关系变化情况。研究结果显示:1、直接强化组的培养效果好于替代强化组; 2、从实验范式角度而言,两人信任博弈范式下的培养效果优于六人公共品博弈范式; 3、相比于直接强化组而言,替代强化组的培养效果不受实验范式和实验情境的影响,具有跨实验情境的一致性和稳定性。因此,在人际信任和合作关系的培养过程中,相比于直接强化模式更容易受时空的限制和实验效应的影响,观察学习等替代强化的模式更具有可行性及推广性。