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91.
92.
内在动机及其前因变量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
该文比较系统地介绍了目前国内外关于内在动机的概念和具体影响因素诸方面的研究进展,并对未来的研究发展方向进行了展望。内在动机主要是由于活动过程本身特性或个体内发性精神需要所引发的一种活动或工作动力。相关影响因素主要涉及个体需要兴趣情感因素、工作任务本身特性、个体成就目标设置、自我效能感、组织授权与交换以及外在激励方式等方面。未来研究的方向主要在于内在动机具体结构的深入探讨以及不同影响因素的中介变量、调节变量以及诸因素交互作用综合模型的建立等方面 相似文献
93.
94.
Kam-lun Edwin Lee 《Zygon》1997,32(1):65-81
This article seeks to explain the correspondence between human intelligibility and that of the physical world by synthesizing the contributions of Jean Ladrière. Ladrière shows that the objectification function of formal symbolism in mathematics as an artificial language has operative power acquired through algorithm to represent physical reality. In physical theories, mathematics relates to observations through theoretic and empirical languages mutually interacting in a methodological circle, and nonmathematical anticipatory intention guides mathematical algorithmic exploration. Ladrière reasons that mathematics can make the physical world comprehensible because of the presence of a rational principle in both kinds of intelligibility. 相似文献
95.
The distinction between hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia was evaluated in three data sets involving use of the Personally
Expressive Activities Questionnaire—Standard Form (PEAQ-S) with college student samples (n > 200 in each sample). Indices of these two conceptions of happiness were strongly and reliably related across the three
samples. Differences between these two conceptions of happiness were evaluated in two ways. First, we examined and compared
correlations of hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia with variables related to intrinsic motivation. Zero-order correlations involving
hedonic enjoyment were significantly stronger with respect to measures of self-determination and interest than were the corresponding
correlations involving feelings of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia). In contrast, correlations involving eudaimonia were
significantly stronger with measures of the balance of challenges and skills, self-realization values, effort, and importance
than were the corresponding correlations with hedonic enjoyment. Second, we empirically distinguished between activities for
which both hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia are present (intrinsically motivated activities) and activities for which hedonic
enjoyment alone is present (hedonically enjoyed activities). Intrinsically motivated activities were judged to be significantly
higher with respect to measures of the balance of challenges and skills, self-realization values, effort, importance, interest,
and flow experiences. No differences between the two categories of activities were found for self-determination and the frequency
with which activities were performed. Given these distinguishable patterns in the two conceptions of happiness, a reconceptualization
for the understanding of intrinsic motivation is proposed. 相似文献
96.
When Effort Is Enjoyed: Two Studies of Intrinsic Motivation for Personally Salient Activities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Distinctions between two philosophical conceptions of happiness, hedonism and eudaimonism, were applied to the study of intrinsic
motivation. Modified versions of the Personally Expressive Activities Questionnaire (PEAQ) were used in two studies to contrast
activities, all of which were enjoyed, but which differed in the level of effort involved. In Study 1, 173 college students
were free to choose any type of activity that met the selection criteria. In Study 2, the activities chosen by 95 undergraduates
were limited to activities associated with a particular leisure time or hobby activity in which the respondents engaged on
a regular basis. Consistent results across the two studies indicate that High Effort–Liked activities, in comparison to Low
Effort–Liked activities, were associated with greater interest, flow, and feelings of personal expressiveness, greater perceived
competence, and higher scores for both self-realization values and importance. These differences are discussed for their implications
for the conceptual understanding of intrinsic motivation. 相似文献
97.
98.
Shelly Kagan 《The Journal of Ethics》1998,2(4):277-297
According to the dominant philosophical tradition, intrinsic value must depend solely upon intrinsic properties. By appealing to various examples, however, I argue that we should at least leave open the possibility that in some cases intrinsic value may be based in part on relational properties. Indeed, I argue that we should even be open to the possibility that an object's intrinsic value may sometimes depend (in part) on its instrumental value. If this is right, of course, then the traditional contrast between intrinsic value and instrumental value is mistaken. 相似文献
99.
Fred Feldman 《The Journal of Ethics》1998,2(4):339-354
Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Brentano, Moore, and Chisholm have suggested ’’marks‘‘ or criteria of intrinsic goodness. I distinguish among eight of these. I focus in this paper on four: (a) unimprovability, (b) unqualifiedness, (c) dependence upon intrinsic natures, and (d) incorruptibility. I try to show that each of these is problematic in some way. I also try to show that they are not equivalent – they point toward distinct conceptions of intrinsic goodness. In the end it appears that none of them is fully satisfactory. Insofar as none of these succeeds, a fundamental problem remains for those who make use of the concept of intrinsic value. Precisely what do we have in mind when we say that some sort of value is “intrinsic”? 相似文献
100.
Abstract. My primary relation to Barbour's work is that of indebtedness and appreciation. He has reassured me that despite the vast changes in physics, the Whiteheadian perspective that has been so important to me as a Christian believer provides a valid way of understanding the physical world. If there is a difference between us, it is my greater emphasis on perspective and on the challenge of the Whiteheadian perspective to the ones that now dominate the sciences. 相似文献