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991.
Twiss SB 《The Journal of religious ethics》2006,34(1):163-175
A critical examination of Richard Miller's position in his recent Children, Ethics, and Modern Medicine on how to handle pediatric interventions in cases of cross-cultural conflict between parents and doctors with respect to treating young children. Particular emphasis is placed on Miller's interpretation of and arguments about a Hmong case extensively researched by Anne Fadiman in her The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. The conclusion drawn is that Miller's position requires further nuance and development, and some recommendations are made toward that end. 相似文献
992.
Zeynep?HamamciEmail author 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2005,23(3):245-261
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between dysfunctional relationship beliefs and marital conflict
of nonclinical married individuals. Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale and Married Life Questionnaire were completed
by a sample consisting of 182 married men and women. As hypothesized before, dysfunctional relationship beliefs correlated
positively with the number and frequency of marital conflicts and the level of tension felt related to such conflicts. Dysfunctional
relationship beliefs indicated the highest correlations with the frequency of marital conflicts. The beliefs related to mind
reading were negatively associated with marital conflicts of women. When individuals endorsed high dysfunctional beliefs,
they experienced more conflict in their marital relationship and felt more stressful. In addition, individuals experiencing
conflict on 10 out of 30 issues had high level of dysfunctional beliefs. In conclusion, the results of this study have demonstrated
the negative consequences of dysfunctional beliefs on marital conflict. 相似文献
993.
Glade?L.?TophamEmail author Jeffry?H.?Larson Thomas?B.?Holman 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2005,27(1):101-121
This study used data from 367 married couples to examine the relationship between select family-of-origin variables measured during engagement and hostile marital conflict measured 4–7 years later. Each spouse completed family-of-origin measures from the PREParation for Marriage questionnaire during their engagement. Four to seven years later, they completed a measure of hostile marital conflict involving insults, name calling, unwillingness to listen, and lack of emotional involvement. Wives mother–child relationship and the quality of parental discipline, as well as the husbands perceived quality of their parents marriage, were predictive of wives perception of hostile conflict in their marriages. Only wives quality of parental discipline was predictive of husbands perception of hostile marital conflict. Implications for premarital counseling and marital therapy are discussed.This is a revised version of a poster presented at the Annual Conference of the National Council on Family Relations, Irvine, California, November, 1999. 相似文献
994.
Jennifer?F.?Marchand-ReillyEmail author Marla?Reese-Weber 《Journal of Adult Development》2005,12(1):85-89
The present study examined both husbands' and wives' attachment orientations and depressive symptoms in predicting reports
of marital conflict behaviors. Married couples (N = 60) completed questionnaires to assess their attachment orientations, depressive symptoms, and perceptions of positive
and negative conflict behaviors in the marital relationship. Using hierarchical regression analyses, statistical models were
tested wherein husbands' and wives' reports of marital conflict behaviors were regressed on their own and their spouses' attachment
orientations and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that both attachment orientations and depressive symptoms were important
predictors of reported marital conflict behaviors. However, different predictors were found for husbands' and wives' reports
of positive and negative conflict behaviors. In general, spouses' attributes played only a small role in predicting reports
of marital conflict behaviors. 相似文献
995.
Attentional control in the aging brain: insights from an fMRI study of the stroop task 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Milham MP Erickson KI Banich MT Kramer AF Webb A Wszalek T Cohen NJ 《Brain and cognition》2002,49(3):277-296
Several recent studies of aging and cognition have attributed decreases in the efficiency of working memory processes to possible declines in attentional control, the mechanism(s) by which the brain attempts to limit its processing to that of task-relevant information. Here we used fMRI measures of neural activity during performance of the color-word Stroop task to compare the neural substrates of attentional control in younger (ages: 21-27 years old) and older participants (ages: 60-75 years old) during conditions of both increased competition (incongruent and congruent neutral) and increased conflict (incongruent and congruent neutral). We found evidence of age-related decreases in the responsiveness of structures thought to support attentional control (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices), suggesting possible impairments in the implementation of attentional control in older participants. Consistent with this notion, older participants exhibited more extensive activation of ventral visual processing regions (i.e., temporal cortex) and anterior inferior prefrontal cortices, reflecting a decreased ability to inhibit the processing of task-irrelevant information. Also, the anterior cingulate cortex, a region involved in evaluatory processes at the level of response (e.g., detecting potential for error), showed age-related increases in its sensitivity to the presence of competing color information. These findings are discussed in terms of newly emerging models of attentional control in the human brain. 相似文献
996.
Elbedour S Onwuegbuzie AJ Caridine C Abu-Saad H 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2002,5(4):255-271
Polygamy represents expanded family structures that are based on marriages involving a husband with 2 or more wives. Interestingly, polygamy is legally and widely practiced in 850 societies across the globe. In the last 2 decades, polygamy has been the focus of a significant growth in public, political, and academic awareness. Indeed, several quantitative and qualitative research articles and theoretical papers have emerged during this period, particularly concerning the effects of this form of marital structure on behavioral, emotional, and academic adjustment of children. However, to date, no researcher has provided a summary of the extant literature. Thus, the purpose of this comprehensive literature review is to summarize findings and to discuss implications of empirical studies that have examined whether polygamous marital structures are beneficial or harmful to children in comparison with children raised in monogamous marital structures. This review includes a summary of the findings from all quantitative and qualitative studies in the extant literature that have examined the effect of polygamy on children's outcomes. 相似文献
997.
Jafarey AM 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):353-362
Health research for progress in the control and conquest of disease afflicting man is unquestionable. Concerns arise when
motives other than the advancement of scientific knowledge and benefit for individuals and society are the driving force behind
clinical trials. These conflicts of interests become even more pronounced when dealing with populations rendered vulnerable
by virtue of poverty and ignorance. South Asia with its teeming millions represents one such region. This essay examines the
reasons that make this population vulnerable to exploitation. Informed consent in the process of research is an area where
such conflicts are prone to arise. In order to ensure that conflicting interests of researchers and funding agencies are kept
in check, the processes of informed consent and ethical review of research need to be strengthened. Suggestions are put forward
to modify the consent process to match the needs of South Asia and to strengthen the ethical review process for safeguarding
the rights of the study subjects. But perhaps the most important safeguard against exploitation is the virtuous researcher
himself with noble intentions.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献
998.
Friedman PJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):413-420
Conflicts of interest have an erosive effect on trust in science, damaging first the attitude of the public toward scientists
and their research, but also weakening the trusting interdependence of scientists. Disclosure is recognized as the key tool
for management of conflicts, but rules with sanctions must be improved, new techniques for avoidance of financial conflicts
by alternative funding of evaluative research must be sought, and there must be new thinking about institutional conflicts
of interest. Our profession is education, and both the public and research professionals of all ages would benefit from greater
understanding of how science should and does work.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献
999.
Baldwin W 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):469-475
This article summarizes the April 5–6, 2002 conference on Conflict of Interest and Its Significance in Science and Medicine.
Several themes are identified and addressed, including the globalization of science, the widespread presence of conflicts,
the increased interest and involvement in conflict of interest by a number of organizations, the difference between academic
research and research conducted by industry, and the tension between science and medicine. At the heart of the matter lies
objectivity in research and the need for transparency to ensure objectivity. Several future activities were discussed, including
the need to share specific examples of how conflict has been managed, and the need for behavioral research to provide a sound
empirical understanding of the best ways to provide informed consent for research subjects.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献
1000.
Tikk A 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):317-318
An area where conflicts of interest can take place in Estonia is in the conduct of clinical trials. The paper lists the main
areas where such conflicts of interest can occur. The author also briefly discusses Estonia’s current position with regard
to regulating genetic information and the commencement of the Estonian Genome Project.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献