基于Flanker、Stroop和Simon多重冲突驱动的认知控制机制

认知控制是维持和调整多任务目标导向的加工策略,而基于多任务冲突的认知控制是一般领域上还是特定领域上,即一种冲突是否会影响另一种冲突的解决,已有研究并没有得到统一的结论。本研究运用事件相关电位（ERP）方法考察了同一任务中不同类型冲突（Stroop、Simon和Flanker冲突）驱动认知控制调节的脑机制。数据显示：各冲突都出现了一致性效应和冲突适应性效应;实验中每种冲突的上一个trial只与该类冲突的当前trial的交互效应显著,而与其他类型冲突的当前trial的交互效应不显著;几乎所有冲突都发现了P300、N450、SP成分一致性效应。结果表明：在不同类型冲突驱动条件下,人脑能够同时监控并解决不同类型的冲突;冲突驱动的认知控制系统以局部的控制方式工作;人脑是基于多冲突驱动的认知控制系统的灵活性和某类型冲突所特有的控制机制来解决冲突,且冲突解决机制是相互独立、互不干扰的。     

大学生物质主义与儒家传统价值观的冲突研究

以价值观冲突理论为依据,探讨中国社会转型时期物质主义与儒家传统价值观的并存给当代大学生带来的心理冲突。采用测谎仪记录被试回答价值观选择两难情境问题时的皮电值,结果发现：对于高儒家传统价值观的大学生而言,物质主义水平的上升会引起其皮电值的显著增加,而对于低儒家传统价值观的大学生则没有这种效应。表明同时拥有高水平的物质主义和儒家传统价值观的大学生会体验到大量的心理冲突。     

工作与家庭冲突：压力的交叉传递效应

工作与家庭冲突是指个体的工作和家庭角色压力不相容时产生的冲突,包括工作影响家庭、家庭影响工作两个方面。工作与家庭冲突对个体、家庭和组织都会造成消极影响。本文从交叉传递效应的视角,系统地回顾与总结工作与家庭冲突方面的研究,以动态的角度阐述压力在配偶之间的交叉传递,并介绍了最新的“溢出-交叉传递效应”模型的研究。最后,有针对性地提出了未来研究的展望,包括国内研究应重视的研究问题。     

Teachers' conflict management styles: The role of attachment styles and classroom management efficacy

Constructive conflict management strategies are important in maintaining a positive classroom environment yet little is known about interpersonal or school variables associated with teachers' use of such strategies with students. Teachers high in self-reported classroom management efficacy (CMEFF) and security of attachment (low on avoidance, anxiety) were predicted to endorse use of positive classroom management strategies (e.g., integrating, compromising) more than insecure teachers and those low in CMEFF. Teachers (N = 283) from eleven schools (seven elementary), largely female and white, responded to a questionnaire in their boxes (29.4% response rate). School and teacher demographic variables were included in a multivariate regression after preliminary analysis suggested that ignoring the multilevel structure of the data made little difference in results; school variances were small compared with teacher variances. CMEFF and years teaching had positive, significant effects on use of integrating and compromising strategies, while avoidance had negative effects on both and anxiety on integrating strategies. Implications for teacher development are discussed.     

Committing to your work, spouse, and children: Implications for work-family conflict

When trying to balance work and family responsibilities, many workers experience conflict between these two roles. Although role commitment has been viewed both as contributing to and alleviating conflict, this relationship has not been fully tested. Using a sample of female nurses and police officers, we examined the direct and indirect relationship of role commitment with work-spouse and work-parent conflict. Increased work-spouse conflict was associated with decreased spouse commitment. Increased work-parent conflict was associated with increased parent commitment but with decreased spouse and job commitment. Job commitment moderated the relationships between irregular work schedules and work-spouse conflict and between job control and work-spouse conflict. Parent commitment moderated the relationship between irregular work schedules and work-parent conflict. These results suggest that, depending on the role, commitment may either alleviate or exacerbate conflict.     

肢体严重毁损伤保留与否的循证思考

肢体严重毁损伤的修复是当今医学领域的一个研究热点.从循证医学角度对肢体严重毁损伤的保肢与截肢提出思考并加以阐述,同时结合当前我国医疗环境提出一些这方面的倡议.     

关于构建和谐医患关系的思考

扼要介绍了医患关系令人担忧的现状及医患纠纷的总体特点,深入探讨了造成医患关系紧张的深层次原因,并据此从主观意识、医患的对立统一关系、医务工作者、患者、舆论和法律氛围等角度提出了构建和谐医患关系的意见和主张,并着重就如何深化改革、促进政府职能的转变与到位展开了阐述。     

医患双方对医患关系认知情况的调查分析

为了解医患双方对医患关系的认知情况,对江西吉安市五家医院的医生和住院患者采取整群随机抽样法进行随机问卷调查。发现医患双方对医患关系性质、发展趋势及医患冲突的主要诱因、责任主体、主要解决途径的认识状况均存在显著性差异。这种差异直接影响医患关系发展。如何解决医患双方认知的差异是重构和谐医患关系的根本措施。     

重新审视21世纪初期我国城市健康问题

随着我国城市化进程的加快,出现很多新的健康问题,突出表现在:生育率进一步下降;新、老空巢现象交错;城市边缘人群社会医学问题日趋彰显;文化冲突进一步加剧;城市公共安全问题突出。我们必须对上述问题予以足够重视,并开展针对性研究。     

企业女职工的婚龄对夫妻关系及离职与独身倾向的影响

本文探讨了企业女职工的生活状况及其婚龄对减少角色倾向的影响。结果表明:①女职工的生活状况较好,她们减少角色的动机不强;②婚龄对她们的夫妻关系、独身倾向、离职倾向和家务事有相当显著的影响;③新婚期后是个婚姻危机期。