长时间相处是亲子关系的保护性因素吗？——疫情背景下基于微博大数据的质性分析

目的：采用大数据技术与质性分析相结合的方式,探索疫情期间青少年长时间与父母相处的条件下,亲子冲突的演变特征。方法：利用Python3.8编写程序,以“亲子冲突、初中生、高中生、青少年、冲突、父母、与父母冲突”等为关键词在微博平台上搜索个人发布的内容,经数据整理,选择286条微博文本纳入文本分析,用NVivo12质性分析软件辅助编码。结果：亲子冲突的表达包含了冲突诱因、冲突类型、冲突领域,和冲突管理策略等四个方面的特征。结论：研究建构了冲突诱因、冲突领域、冲突类型和冲突应对策略之间的关系模型。亲子冲突的发生是在社会文化背景下,由于家庭功能失调引发的亲子互动方式异常。亲子冲突发生以后,取积极应对策略有助于家庭功能的良性调节。     

Children's Emotional Security in the Interparental Relationship

ABSTRACT— In response to the societal premium placed on understanding the difficulties faced by children from high-conflict homes, emotional security theory aims to understand precisely how and why interparental discord is associated with children's psychological problems. One of its main premises is that interparental discord increases children's vulnerability to mental illness by undermining their sense of safety or security in the context of the interparental relationship. In this article, we highlight the main assumptions of a new ethological formulation of emotional security theory and its predictions and findings regarding the organization, precursors, and consequences of individual differences in children's emotional insecurity. We conclude with a synopsis of the value of the new formulation for future work.     

听障儿童认知抑制控制的脑电特点

通过认知抑制控制的Stroop范式运用事件相关电位考察听障儿童和对照组儿童在认知抑制控制方面的行为特点以及脑内时程特点。行为结果显示:(1)两类被试在一致条件下认知抑制控制的正确率显著高于不一致条件,反应时显著快于不一致条件,表现出冲突效应;(2)组间结果显示,听障儿童的认知抑制控制正确率显著低于对照组儿童,反应时上差异不显著。脑电结果显示:(1)不一致条件在N450上的负激活显著高于一致条件,听障儿童比对照组儿童诱发了更负的N450波幅;(2)不一致条件在SP上的正激活显著高于一致条件,两类被试在SP上差异不显著。结果提示听障儿童在认知抑制控制过程中的冲突监测功能存在障碍,这是由于冲突监测过程中注意分配能力受损所致。     

父母冲突与中学生应对方式的关系:教养方式和情绪安全感的链式中介作用

为了探讨父母冲突、父母教养方式、情绪安全感和应对方式的关系,研究采用量表对北京市和河南省1322名初一到高二的学生进行调查。结果表明：父母冲突直接影响中学生的应对方式,且存在三条路径：通过父母教养方式的单独中介作用影响中学生的积极应对方式和父母消极教养方式的单独中介作用影响中学生的消极应对方式;通过情绪不安全感的单独中介作用影响中学生的应对方式;通过父母消极教养方式和情绪不安全感的链式中介作用影响中学生的应对方式。因此减少和避免父母冲突,提高中学生的情绪安全感,同时给予中学生积极教养方式,减少和避免消极教养方式,有利于中学生积极应对方式的发展。     

Emotional labor and burnout among female teachers: Work–family conflict as mediator

With the increasing number of women in the workforce, there is a need to understand how the interrelationship between emotions and the demands of work and family influence their well‐being. This study examined how emotional labor [surface acting (SA) and deep acting] and work–family conflict contribute to explaining variance in burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). In a sample of 102 married, female Malay teachers, with at least one child living at home, results showed that SA was positively associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The results also showed that work–family conflict mediated the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. However, no moderation effect of work–family on the SA–burnout relationship was found. The results are discussed with respect to the general literature on the stress–strain relation and work–family conflict.     

The New Anti-Semitism in Europe: The Islamic Dimension of,and Jewish Belonging in,the EU

This article examines the sense of Jewish vulnerability and exclusion in Europe that has resulted from manifestations, and Jewish perceptions, of the “new anti-Semitism,” and the role of Islamic communities in Europe in propagating this form of hatred of Jews. First emerging in 2000 with the outbreak of the second Palestinian Intifada, and tied in with the Middle East conflict, anger at Israel is directed at Diaspora Jewish communities. This “new anti-Semitism” targets the Jewish collective with the characteristics of anti-Semitism previously aimed at individual Jews. The article focuses on the wave of anti-Semitism that erupted as a result of the 2014 Israeli–Hamas War. Based on an analysis of European Jewish communities, it considers the active part played by European Muslim communities in perpetrating the new anti-Semitism. Using an analysis of survey data, emigration statistics and newspaper opinion articles by leading European Jewish intellectuals, the article considers how the new anti-Semitism is adversely affecting Jewish–Muslim relations and the concomitant sense of “belonging” of European Jewry. The article considers what is required to overcome the new anti-Semitism propagated by Muslim communities to restore a greater sense of Jewish belonging to, and identification with, Europe.     

When collective memories of victimhood fade: Generational evolution of intergroup attitudes and political aspirations in Belgium

Collective memory theories propose that groups' remembrances of their past depend upon their current social situation. In Belgium, a significant proportion of Dutch speakers share a collective memory of past victimisation by French speakers and fight for an ever‐larger autonomy of their region. Yet, as the respective economic, political and social situations of the linguistic regions of Belgium recently evolved with a reversal of fortunes, the current experience of younger Dutch speakers does not fit the traditional memory anymore. We thus predicted that the collective memories of victimhood would decline amongst them, thus bringing changes in intergroup attitudes and political aspirations. Three generations were compared in a survey of 1226 French‐speaking and 1457 Dutch‐speaking individuals. For both groups, younger generations evidenced less regionalist and more integrative positions than older ones. However, these effects were stronger for Dutch‐speaking respondents, and for them, collective memory of victimhood mediated the relation linking age and identification with Belgium, intergroup attitudes and political aspirations. We concluded that the current social context has decisive consequences for collective remembrances, which, in turn, impact intergroup relations and political attitudes and choices.     

Conflict,fear and social identity in Nagaland

This survey study tested the effects of exposure to ethnopolitical conflict and violence and social group identification on psychosocial well‐being among a sample of Nagas (n = 280). Nagaland is located in Northeast India, and for decades has suffered from armed conflict and political instability. It was predicted that reported exposure to conflict would be positively associated with reported levels of fear, which in turn would decrease psychosocial well‐being (assessed with the indices life satisfaction, self‐esteem and general health). It was also expected that strongly identifying with being Naga would be positively related to perceived levels of social support, which in turn were predicted to be positively related to well‐being. Last but not least, it was hypothesized that conflict and fear would also directly and negatively impact on levels of identification with being Naga: increased conflict‐induced fear was expected to reduce the strength of the group identification. These predictions were confirmed by structural equation modelling.     

人际冲突与安全工作行为：愤怒和报复动机的多重中介效应

为探讨人际冲突和安全工作行为之间的关系,以及愤怒和报复动机的多重中介作用,采用时间滞后的数据搜集方法,通过上级-下属配对的方式对229名公交司机及其主管进行调查。结果表明：人际冲突能够对安全工作行为产生显著的负向影响,人际冲突可以通过激发愤怒情绪来减少安全工作行为,也能够通过刺激报复动机对安全工作行为产生消极影响,愤怒和报复动机在人际冲突与安全工作行为之间发挥着多重中介效应。