全文获取类型
收费全文 | 474篇 |
免费 | 179篇 |
国内免费 | 71篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 21篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 34篇 |
2013年 | 59篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 19篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有724条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
231.
Graphical countdown timers (similar to a progress bar) have the potential to shorten pedestrians’ perceived waiting time at the red light. Based on the findings from human-computer interaction (HCI) and time estimation theories, the potential may be affected by feedback frequency. This study tested how the feedback frequency of countdown progress bar in traffic light influenced time estimation in a field experiment, and further explored its mechanism in a laboratory experiment. In both experiments, participants estimated various durations (30 s, 45 s, 60 s) under three levels of feedback frequency: low (0.5 Hz), medium (1 Hz), and high (2 Hz). The results showed that although waiting time was underestimated in all conditions, lower feedback frequency led to shorter estimated duration, with slight changes in different contexts. In the traffic context, the effect of feedback frequency was comparable across different countdown duration, but it became stronger at longer countdown duration in the non-traffic context. Overall, the effect of feedback frequency was accompanied by changes in neither arousal level (measured by the subjective scale and physiological indices) nor internal clock speed, which are two critical determinants of time perception. The findings have practical implications on the display design of red light and theoretical implications on time estimation processes. 相似文献
232.
Andrea L. Patalano Katherine Williams Gillian Weeks Kelsey Kayton Hilary Barth 《决策行为杂志》2022,35(1):e2247
A left digit effect has been broadly observed across judgment and decision-making contexts ranging from product evaluation to medical treatment decisions to number line estimation. For example, $3.00 is judged to be a much greater cost than $2.99, and “801” is estimated strikingly too far to the right of “798” on a number line. Although the consequences of the effects for judgment and decision behavior have been documented, the sources of the effects are not well established. The goal of the current work is to extend investigations of the left digit effect to a new complex judgment activity and to assess whether the magnitude of the effect at the individual level can be predicted from performance on a simpler number skills task on which the left digit effect has also recently been observed. In three experiments (N = 434), adults completed a judgment task in which they rated the strength of hypothetical applicants for college admission and a self-paced number line estimation task. In all experiments, a small or medium left digit effect was found in the college admissions task, and a large effect was found in number line estimation. Individual-level variation was observed, but there was no relationship between the magnitudes of the effects in the two tasks. These findings provide evidence of a left digit effect in a novel multiattribute judgment task but offer no evidence that such performance can be predicted from a simple number skills task such as number line estimation. 相似文献
233.
We evaluated the effects of different intertrial intervals (ITIs; time between programmed learning opportunities) on the acquisition and generalization of 2 preschoolers' social skills. Independent and generalized skills were observed only when the daily ITI was gradually increased from short to progressively longer intervals. 相似文献
234.
Smethells JR Fox AT Andrews JJ Reilly MP 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2012,97(2):203-214
Three experiments investigated the effects of immediate and delayed postsession feeding on progressive-ratio and variable-interval schedule performance in rats. During Experiments 1 and 2, immediate postsession feeding decreased the breakpoint, or largest completed ratio, under progressive-ratio schedules. Experiment 3 was conducted to extend the results of the first two experiments to responding maintained by variable-interval schedules with different session lengths (15 and 60 min). Response rates decreased in all 4 subjects when postsession feeding immediately followed a 15-min session and in 3 of 4 subjects when postsession feeding immediately followed a 60-min session. The implications of this research are twofold: (1) The functional context in which within-session reinforcers are embedded extends outside the experimental chamber, and (2) supplemental postsession feedings should be sufficiently delayed from the end of a session to avoid weakening operant behavior in the experimental sessions. 相似文献
235.
二参数逻辑斯蒂模型项目参数的估计精度 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
项目参数的估计精度对于测验的编制尤其是题库的建立十分重要。目前,国内外对项目参数估计精度的研究,大部分是基于在已知项目参数真值的情况下,运用各种参数估计方法产生新的估计值,再和真值进行偏度(BIAS)和均方根差(RMSE)的比较,从而说明该种估计方法的有效性。但是这种方法不能提供不同的参数真值之间的估计误差的变化规律。为了弥补这一缺陷,本文尝试从项目参数估计信息函数的角度出发研究项目参数的估计精度问题。本研究以二参数Logistic模型作为研究对象,首先定义了项目参数的估计信息函数,然后基于完全随机实验设计,通过模拟研究的方法探索影响项目参数的估计精度的因素,实验共设计了(2×3×2)种情形。研究结果表明:(1)项目参数(a,b)的估计精度均随着被试样本量的增大而提高;(2)被试的能力分布对难度参数的估计精度影响较大,对区分度参数的估计精度影响相对较小;(3)难度参数和区分度参数的估计精度都分别受到参数a和参数b的共同作用。 相似文献
236.
The authors of the present study investigated the apparent contradiction between early and more recent views of knowledge of results (KR), the idea that how one is engaged before receiving KR may not be independent of how one uses that KR. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, participants (N = 64) practiced a simple force-production task and (a) were required, or not required, to estimate error about their previous response and (b) were provided KR either after every response (100%) or after every 5th response (20%) during acquisition. A no-KR retention test revealed an interaction between acquisition error estimation and KR frequencies. The group that received 100% KR and was required to error estimate during acquisition performed the best during retention. The 2 groups that received 20% KR performed less well. Finally, the group that received 100% KR and was not required to error estimate during acquisition performed the poorest during retention. One general interpretation of that pattern of results is that motor learning is an increasing function of the degree to which participants use KR to test response hypotheses (J. A. Adams, 1971; R. A. Schmidt, 1975). Practicing simple responses coupled with error estimation may embody response hypotheses that can be tested with KR, thus benefiting motor learning most under a 100% KR condition. Practicing simple responses without error estimation is less likely to embody response hypothesis, however, which may increase the probability that participants will use KR to guide upcoming responses, thus attenuating motor learning under a 100% KR condition. The authors conclude, therefore, that how one is engaged before receiving KR may not be independent of how one uses KR. 相似文献
237.
238.
Steffen Zitzmann Oliver Lüdtke Alexander Robitzsch 《Multivariate behavioral research》2013,48(6):688-705
Multilevel analyses are often used to estimate the effects of group-level constructs. However, when using aggregated individual data (e.g., student ratings) to assess a group-level construct (e.g., classroom climate), the observed group mean might not provide a reliable measure of the unobserved latent group mean. In the present article, we propose a Bayesian approach that can be used to estimate a multilevel latent covariate model, which corrects for the unreliable assessment of the latent group mean when estimating the group-level effect. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the choice of different priors for the group-level variance of the predictor variable and to compare the Bayesian approach with the maximum likelihood approach implemented in the software Mplus. Results showed that, under problematic conditions (i.e., small number of groups, predictor variable with a small ICC), the Bayesian approach produced more accurate estimates of the group-level effect than the maximum likelihood approach did. 相似文献
239.
240.
Caution! Warnings as a Useless Countermeasure to Reduce Overconfidence? An Experimental Evaluation in Light of Enhanced and Dynamic Warning Designs
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《决策行为杂志》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
People often display excessive overconfidence when providing interval estimates, which biases decision‐making. Research has investigated the various measures to effectively reduce overconfidence, and the use of warnings has subsequently been considered to have a negligible reduction effect. We demonstrate with two separate experiments that the impact of warnings has to be reviewed in light of dynamic warning designs and cognitive warning process models. In experiment 1, in contrast to previous studies that only used unstructured warnings, we implement a warning incorporating some core elements of a structured warning design based on research in the fields of human factors and ergonomics. Furthermore, accounting for recent developments in the warning literature, we distinguish between static and dynamic warning design. In experiment 2, we examine the effectiveness of different elements of dynamic warnings. We show that a significantly higher reduction of overconfidence can be achieved by combining a structured warning content with a dynamic stimulus change to increase the warning's noticeability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献