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921.
Incremental Validity of Cognitions in a Clinical Case Formulation: An Intraindividual Test in a Case Example 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gregory H. Mumma Scott R. Mooney 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(1):17-28
Incremental validity, the ability of a measure to predict or explain variance over and above other measures, is an important
psychometric characteristic of standardized measures, but has received little attention idiographically. Idiographic assessment
may be an important part of developing a clinical case formulation, guiding treatment by developing an individualized understanding
of the variables that trigger and maintain distress. This study examined whether the idiosyncratic cognitive schema hypothesized
by a clinician in a cognitive case formulation explained distress incrementally over that of situational triggers. Using daily
ratings of situational triggers, idiosyncratic cognitions, and distress, the incremental validity of cognitions in predicting
each of six distress measures was tested in a case example using dynamic time series regression. The incremental variance
explained by cognitions varied across the distress measures, suggesting that, in this case example, targeting thoughts and
beliefs for treatment may be important for only certain types of distress.
相似文献
Gregory H. MummaEmail: |
922.
Scott JC Woods SP Matt GE Meyer RA Heaton RK Atkinson JH Grant I 《Neuropsychology review》2007,17(3):275-297
This review provides a critical analysis of the central nervous system effects of acute and chronic methamphetamine (MA) use,
which is linked to numerous adverse psychosocial, neuropsychiatric, and medical problems. A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological
effects of MA abuse/dependence revealed broadly medium effect sizes, showing deficits in episodic memory, executive functions,
information processing speed, motor skills, language, and visuoconstructional abilities. The neuropsychological deficits associated
with MA abuse/dependence are interpreted with regard to their possible neural mechanisms, most notably MA-associated frontostriatal
neurotoxicity. In addition, potential explanatory factors are considered, including demographics (e.g., gender), MA use characteristics
(e.g., duration of abstinence), and the influence of common psychiatric (e.g., other substance-related disorders) and neuromedical
(e.g., HIV infection) comorbidities. Finally, these findings are discussed with respect to their potential contribution to
the clinical management of persons with MA abuse/dependence. 相似文献
923.
924.
Risk assessment is an essential component of genetic counseling and testing, and the accuracy of risk assessment is critical
for decision making by consultands. However, it has been shown that genetic risk calculations may have high error rates in
practice. Risk calculations for autosomal dominant disorders are frequently complicated by age-dependent penetrance and sensitivities
of less than 100% in genetic testing. We provide methods of risk calculation for prototypical pedigrees of a family at risk
for an autosomal dominant disorder with age-dependent penetrance. Our risk calculations include scenarios in which the sensitivity
of genetic testing is less than 100%, and in which the sensitivity of genetic testing varies for different family members
at risk. Our Bayesian methods permit autosomal dominant disease probabilities to be calculated accurately, taking into account
all relevant information. Our methods are particularly useful for hereditary cancer syndromes, in which genetic testing can
seldom achieve 100% sensitivity. Our methods can be applied to many different scenarios, including those where the sensitivity
of genetic testing varies for different family members at risk.
The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services,
nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 相似文献
925.
Brad J. Nakamura Eric L. Daleiden Charles W. Mueller 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(5):729-741
We examined whether clinical progress ratings on the Monthly Treatment and Progress Summary form (MTPS), an idiographic treatment
progress measure, were meaningfully related to changes measured by two separate standardized instruments; the Child and Adolescent
Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS) and the Child and Adolescent Level of Care Utilization System (CALOCUS). Validity coefficients
were examined at intake and three-, six-, and nine-month follow-up periods. Samples were selected for each measure and follow-up
period from the population of youth receiving services through the Hawaii Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division’s (CAMHD)
system of care. Significant youth improvement was evident on all three measures across all follow-up intervals. The type of
changes measured by the MTPS and CAFAS were more alike over longer follow-up intervals than changes measured by the CALOCUS.
The MTPS captures distinct aspects of client change that overlaps somewhat with CAFAS and CALOCUS measures. The MTPS is a
brief client-tailored measure that seems to provide valid, sensitive, and nonredundant client specific treatment outcome information
that can be collected on a frequent basis within a complex system of care. 相似文献
926.
We tested the efficacy of a social skills training program for the parents of school-aged children experiencing socio-emotional
problems. Participating families (N = 42) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: parent social skills training; parent plus parallel child social
skills training; or no-treatment control. The two treatment groups did not differ on any of the outcome measures. Treatment
was associated with improvements in parent and child social skills knowledge, parent social problem solving, and child emotional
functioning. In follow-up analyses examining mechanisms of change, parental attendance and change in child social skills knowledge
predicted response to treatment. Overall, our results highlight the utility of engaging parents as primary participants in
the treatment of children’s socio-emotional problems and suggest methods for maximizing the impact of such an intervention. 相似文献
927.
Richard I. Lanyon Barbara M. Maxwell Paul Karoly Linda S. Ruehlman 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(1):41-49
The concurrent validity of a brief screening test, the Multidimensional Health Profile-Health Functioning (MHP-H) was examined
in conjunction with a much more lengthy pre-operative assessment procedure in 449 applicants for gastric bypass surgery (GBS).
The MHP-H is a 69-item screening inventory that assesses five areas of health functioning: Adult Health History, Health Habits,
Health Care Utilization, Health Beliefs and Attitudes, and Response to Illness. The more lengthy procedure included a comprehensive
273-item structured interview plus the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Basic Personality Inventory
(BPI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The MHP-H showed significant correspondence with the more comprehensive assessment
on measures of potential relevance to outcome in GBS, supporting the use of the MHP-H as a low-cost alternative to the more
extensive procedure. The utility of the MHP-Psychosocial Functioning (MHP-P), a companion instrument to the MHP-H, was demonstrated
in an earlier study. 相似文献
928.
We would like to introduce the web tutor ORGANON, which aimsto support basic logic courses at the University of West Bohemiain Pilsen (Czech Republic). The application was designed tofulfill two requirements. Firstly, it should help students duringtheir study to practice exercises on their own (providing permanentcontrol during students practicing exercises as wellas answering students questions immediately as they arise).Secondly, it should reduce teachers burden (diminishingthe amount of consultations as well as administrating studentshomework including correcting and grading). The tutor is availableat http://kfi.zcu.cz/lide/dostalova/organon. 相似文献
929.
Carol Nickerson 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2007,8(4):537-561
Fredrickson’s (1998, ‘What good are positive emotions?’, Review of General Psychology 2, pp. 300–319; 2001, ‘The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions’, American Psychologist 56, pp. 218–226) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions posits that positive emotions improve coping skills and that improved coping skills increase positive emotions, resulting in an upward spiral toward emotional well-being. Fredrickson and Joiner (2002, ‘Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being’, Psychological Science 13, pp. 172–175) claimed that the results of their analyses supported the broaden-and-build theory but in fact their analyses did not test this theory. The broaden-and-build theory clearly describes a within-occasion across-persons psychological process; the analyses, however, tested a within-occasion across-persons theory. 相似文献
930.
为了探讨时间表征在多大程度上影响人们对叙事属性的判断,让66名博士生被试对12篇删除了明显时间概念词的叙事语篇(创造性与非创造性叙事各6篇)进行时间表征方面的评定,从而检验了“过去”、“现在”、“将来”等时间概念在叙事语篇中的时间表征意义,以及存在的性别、年龄等差异。 相似文献