文本加工中情境模型建构的五个维度

情境模型理论是当代西方文本阅读加工的一个重要理论。该文通过详细介绍情境模型建构的空间、时间、因果、主人公、意图五大维度,以助于对情境模型理论整体理解。通过总结可知,目前国内外关于情境模型建构中的空间、因果和主人公三个维度的研究成果较多,研究范式也较为成熟,时间和意图维度则研究成果较少     

班级生态系统对儿童亲社会行为影响的研究述评

依据生态系统观以及班级环境中亲社会行为研究的进展,在班级环境中,与儿童人际互动最密切,对其亲社会行为具有重要影响的两类人群是——同伴和教师。作者把儿童与同伴、儿童与教师之间的互动关系作为班级环境中两个重要生态子系统,依次介绍了班级环境中这两个生态子系统的各成分,以及它们对儿童亲社会行为的影响。文章最后指出,该领域的研究应注重人际间的双向互动、基于观察的互动模式研究、以及重视时间变量对行为过程的影响     

中学生的适应特征及其影响因素

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查问卷》问卷,对1274名中学生的适应状态特征及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明,高中生和初中生的适应及其子维度存在显著差异;不同性别中学生的适应总体上不存在显著的差异。但在生理适应、人际适应和社会适应三个维度上存在显著的性别差异;个性素质、自我、人际素质、应对风格和年级组五个变量对中学生适应有重要的影响作用。     

囚徒选择和中国人的义

通过对囚徒困境博弈的囚徒策略选择发现,中国被试的囚徒策略选择受到中国传统文化中的义的影响：在一次囚徒博弈中,并不像传统博弈论预测的那样被试选择坦白为最优策略,而是有一半多的被试选择了不坦白策略;在进行囚徒选择时大多数被试都意识到了囚徒之间的熟悉关系。囚徒关系被激活后,选择不坦白策略的被试与选择坦白策略的被试之间有显著差异,但性别差异不显著。结果表明,中国传统文化中的“义”以及相应的人际信任是导致被试选择不坦白策略的主要原因。     

Effects of trusting and being trusted on team citizenship behaviours in chain stores

Previous studies showed a robust and positive relationship between subordinates' trust for leaders and their individual organizational citizenship behaviours. Building on this foundation, we examined two extensions. First, based on the team citizenship behaviours approach, we studied whether the same relationship held at the group level. Second, drawing from literature on leadership and self-efficacy, we studied whether leaders' perceptions of being trusted by their subordinates mattered in this trust relationship; we also examined how this perception affected team citizenship behaviours. Results showed that subordinates' trust for leaders and team citizenship behaviours were positively related at the team level. When leaders felt more trusted, teams showed more citizenship behaviours. Beyond these main effects, leaders' felt trust was found to negatively moderate the relationship between staff trust for leaders and team citizenship behaviours. Theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.     

A spherical conceptualization of personality traits

This research utilizes the geometric structure of the two‐dimensional Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC), and adds the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) dimension of conscientiousness to create a three‐dimensional spherical model of personality; the interpersonal sphere (IPS). A sample of 250 participants was initially used to select items that conformed to the geometric locations of 26 different characteristics on the IPS. A separate sample of 251 participants confirmed the geometric structure of these characteristic measures using randomization tests. To demonstrate an application of this three‐dimensional model, the IPS was employed as a geometric taxonomy to map various personality constructs. The combined sample of 501 participants was used to cartographically locate 164 scales from the NEO Personality Inventory, (NEO‐PI‐R), the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), and the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI‐R) onto the IPS. The spherical conception of traits provided by the three‐dimensional IPS is discussed as both an extension of the FFM and the two‐dimensional IPC. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

"病中辨证"是证发展的必然

在疾病的发展过程中,一般存在着病和证的两种演变,相对于病而言,证有着更高层次的组织方式,有自身发展规律,反映的是机体整体状态.这种对证的诠释有利于中西医理论间的接轨,使证研究更容易被现代医学理论所接受,是中医进一步发展的要求,病证二者并不矛盾,而是互补,共同提供了对疾病的完整认识.     

HBV携带者心理健康状况研究现状

乙肝病毒感染在我国已超过了10%,达1.4亿人左右,面对如此庞大的感染人群,如何合理而适当地处理乙肝病毒携带病例已不仅仅是医学问题,而且是重要的社会问题。随着心理学的快速发展,乙肝病毒携带者的心理问题已经受到了人们的普遍重视。目前众多学者认为乙肝病毒携带者心理问题严重,以焦虑、抑郁、强迫等为主,但是相关的支持治疗明显不足,有待于深入研究。     

再析温州市鹿城区私人诊所现状与前景

温州私人诊所的发展不容乐观,我们必须在私人诊所自身内部找缺陷,通过其自身努力发展走出困境,同时希望政府改革相关管理制度,实行有效的宏观调控,给予理性地支持.