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161.
唱音障碍是“五音不全”的一种表现形式。对唱音障碍的判定依赖于具体的评估方式、测试任务及测量指标。目前来看, 采用多任务、多指标以及相对标准是较为合理的办法。发生于歌唱过程(知觉、感觉运动转换、发声运动控制、记忆)中任一加工阶段的功能缺陷都可能导致唱音障碍, 但感觉运动转换缺陷被认为是唱音障碍的主要成因。最新的MMIA模型在内部模型的基础上描述了感觉运动转换缺陷的具体机制。未来研究一方面应进一步检验并完善当前的MMIA模型, 厘清唱音障碍的认知神经机制, 另一方面应利用现有成果为个体改善和提高自身的音准提供实质性的帮助。 相似文献
162.
具备自我面孔的识别能力是个体发展中的里程碑,以往的研究大多集中于儿童镜像自我面孔认知能力的发生发展,而缺乏对稍微年长儿童自我面孔识别发展特点的研究。本研究采用逐张呈现被试原本照片以及通过Photoshop改变内外部特征的面孔让儿童进行辨认的方法,考察5岁儿童自我面孔识别的特点。结果发现:(1)5岁儿童能正确识别原本的自我整体面孔,但对自我外部特征和内部特征的识别出现了明显的性别差异;(2)大多数5岁儿童认为发型变化的自我面孔不再是自己的,尤其是更换了异性发型的面孔;(3)儿童对自我面孔的眼睛部位更为敏感。 相似文献
163.
This study investigated the internal consistencies and temporal stabilities of different implicit self‐esteem measures. Participants (N = 101) responded twice—with a time lag of 4 weeks—to five different tasks: the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT), the Affective Priming Task (APT), the Identification‐Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (ID‐EAST) and the Name‐Letter Task (NLT). As expected, the highest reliability coefficients were obtained for the self‐esteem IAT. Importantly, the internal consistencies and the temporal stabilities of the APT, the ID‐EAST, and the NLT were substantially improved by using material, structural, and analytic innovations. In particular, the use of the adaptive response‐window procedure for the APT, the computation of error scores for the ID‐EAST, and the computation of a double corrected scoring algorithm for the NLT yielded reliability coefficients comparable to those of the established IAT. Implications for the indirect assessment of self‐esteem are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
164.
研究和总结了复杂系统的基本特征,从复杂性的角度讨论了内环境作为动态非线性系统存在具有的诸种性质和正反馈在维持、调节内环境稳定中的作用,指出现阶段需要重新认识内环境和内环境稳态的生理学机制。 相似文献
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The paper presents an infinite hierarchy of sound and complete axiomatic systems for Two-Dimensional Modal Tense Logic with Historical Necessity, Agents and Acts. A main novelty of these logics is their capacity to represent formally (i) basic action-sentences asserting that such and such an act is performed/omitted by an agent, as well as (ii) causative action-sentences asserting that by performing/omitting a certain act, an agent causes that such and such a state-of-affairs is realized (e.g. comes about/ceases/remains/remains absent). We illustrate how the formal machinery of our systems can be used to reconstruct a number of interesting ideas in the Logic of Agency and Action that have been proposed by authors like von Wright, von Kutschera, Belnap and Segerberg. 相似文献
167.
Robert M. Geraci 《Zygon》2002,37(4):891-908
Technical achievement in laboratories requires millennia–old ritual formulations; the methodological expectations and presuppositions of scientists stem not only from investigations of the last three centuries but also from the ritual knowledge making that has governed human religion. Laboratory research is a form of human ritual open to interpretation in the manner of religious ritual. The experiments of the laboratory are fact–gathering ventures, but the integration of that knowledge into our general understanding of a universe of information networks is the process of knowledge making, and it is the highest achievement of all rituals, be they religious or scientific. Ritual theory offers insight into the nature of scientific experimentation. 相似文献
168.
John Lemos 《Zygon》2002,37(4):789-801
In Michael Ruse's recent publications, such as Taking Darwin Seriously (1998) and Evolutionary Naturalism (1995), he has advocated a certain sort of evolutionary epistemology and has argued that it implies a rejection of metaphysical realism (MR) in favor of a position that he calls "internal realism" (IR). Additionally, he has maintained that, insofar as his evolutionary epistemology implies a rejection of MR in favor of IR, it escapes the kind of argument against naturalism that Alvin Plantinga makes in his Warrant and Proper Function (1993). In this article I explain the relevant views and arguments of Ruse and Plantinga, and I critically engage with Ruse's views, arguing that (1) his case for rejecting MR has no essential connection to evolutionary considerations; (2) his case for rejecting MR depends upon internalist assumptions about the nature of knowledge that are in need of some kind of defense; and (3) given his implicit internalism and his commitment to IR, his argument for rejecting MR can be used against his IR. 相似文献
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