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101.
This paper deals with the varieties of monadic Heyting algebras, algebraic models of intuitionistic modal logic MIPC. We investigate semisimple, locally finite, finitely approximated and splitting varieties of monadic Heyting algebras as well as varieties with the disjunction and the existence properties. The investigation of monadic Heyting algebras clarifies the correspondence between intuitionistic modal logics over MIPC and superintuitionistic predicate logics and provides us with the solutions of several problems raised by Ono [35]. 相似文献
102.
The logic of acceptance and rejection (AEL2) is a nonmonotonic formalism to represent states of knowledge of an introspective agent making decisions about available information. Though having much in common, AEL2 differs from Moore's autoepistemic logic (AEL) by the fact that the agent not only can accept or reject a given fact, but he/she also has the possibility not to make any decision in case he/she does not have enough knowledge. 相似文献
103.
Substructural logics on display 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
104.
Ronald Cordero 《Metaphilosophy》2016,47(4-5):719-727
Logic is a central and highly useful part of philosophy. Its value is particularly evident when it comes to keeping our thinking about disjunctive probabilities clear. Because of the two meanings of “or” (“just one of these statements is true,” “at least one of these statements is true”), logic can show how the likelihood of a disjunction being true can be determined quite easily. To gauge the chance that one of two or more exclusive alternatives is true, one need only sum up their respective likelihoods. And to know the chance that at least one of two or more compatible alternatives is true, one simply has to figure the chance that it is false that all of them are false! 相似文献
105.
Thomas John Hastings 《Zygon》2016,51(1):128-144
At home and abroad, Kagawa Toyohiko was probably the best‐known Japanese Christian evangelist, social reformer, writer, and public intellectual of the twentieth century, nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature twice (1947, 1948) and the Nobel Peace Prize three times (1954, 1955, 1956). Appealing to the masses with little knowledge of Christian faith, Kagawa believed that a positive, religio‐aesthetic interpretation of nature and science was a key missiological concern in Japan. He reasoned that a faith rooted in the kenotic movement of incarnation and self‐giving must strongly support the scientific quest. A voracious reader of science and especially biology, he argues for “directionality,” or what he calls “initial purpose” in the long, painful, cosmic journey from matter to life to mind (or consciousness). Through an antireductionistic, a posteriori methodological pluralism that sought to “see all things whole,” this “scientific mystic” employed Christian, Buddhist, Neo‐Confucian, personalist, and vitalist ideas to envision complementary roles for science and religion in modern society. 相似文献
106.
107.
We consider arrow logics (i.e., propositional multi-modal logics having three -- a dyadic, a monadic, and a constant -- modal operators) augmented with various kinds of infinite counting modalities, such as 'much more', 'of good quantity', 'many times'. It is shown that the addition of these modal operators to weakly associative arrow logic results in finitely axiomatizable and decidable logics, which fail to have the finite base property. 相似文献
108.
There is an exponential speed-up in the number of lines of the quantified propositional sequent calculus over Substitution
Frege Systems, if one considers proofs as trees. Whether this is true also for the number of symbols, is still an open problem.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
109.
We introduce a notion of bisimulation for graded modal logic. Using this notion, the model theory of graded modal logic can be developed in a uniform manner. We illustrate this by establishing the finite model property and proving invariance and definability results. 相似文献
110.
This essay attempts to implement epistemic logic through a non-classical inference relation. Given that relation, an account of '(the individual) a knows that A' is constructed as an unfamiliar non-normal modal logic. One advantage to this approach is a new analysis of the skeptical argument. 相似文献