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111.
Goldberg (Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In: I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7-28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press) has argued that the commercialization of personality measures limits the range of questions investigated in empirical research. We propose that the commercialization of interest measures has had a similar effect on research in vocational psychology. Following Goldberg’s example of developing public-domain personality markers, we also propose that the development of public-domain interest markers would facilitate new directions in career-related research. The present study outlines the development and validation of a set of public-domain Basic Interest Markers (BIMs) that are freely available on a website. Using Day and Rounds’ (Day, Susan. X, & Rounds, J. (1997). A little more than kin, and less than kind: Basic interests in vocational research and career counseling. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 207-220) basic interest taxonomy, 343 items and 31 BIM scales were generated. Validity evidence is presented from correlations with the General Occupational Themes and Basic Interest Scales of the Strong Interest Inventory (Harmon, L. W., Hansen, J. C., Borgen, F. H., & Hammer, A. L. (1994). Strong Interest Inventory applications and technical guide. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press). Discriminant validity is demonstrated by the capacity for the BIMs to differentiate major field of education or training. Implications for research and use in applied settings are discussed. 相似文献
112.
Patrick Ian Armstrong James Rounds Lawrence Hubert 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2008,72(3):284-297
Noteworthy progress has been made in the development of statistical models for evaluating the structure of vocational interests over the past three decades. It is proposed that historically significant interest datasets, when combined with modern structural methods of data analysis, provide an opportunity to re-examine the underlying assumptions of J.L. Holland’s [Holland, J. L. (1959). A theory of vocational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 35–45; Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources] RIASEC model. To illustrate this potential, data obtained from J. P. Guilford’s study of interest structure were re-analyzed using modern circumplex and hierarchical clustering techniques to evaluate Holland’s and I. Gati’s [Gati, I. (1979). A hierarchical model for the structure of interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 15, 90–106; Gati, I. (1991). The structure of vocational interests. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 309–324] interest structures. Obtained results indicate that a circumplex model can be used to effectively represent the structure underlying Guilford’s interest measures. However, hierarchical clustering results suggest that Holland’s RIASEC types may not be the most effective categories for grouping specific interest measures into broader interest areas. The current findings provide support for the continued investigation of alternatives to Holland’s interest categories using modern measures of basic interests. 相似文献
113.
Private Interests Count Too 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mark S. Frankel 《Science and engineering ethics》2009,15(3):367-373
Along with concerns about the deleterious effects of politically driven government intervention on science are the intrusion
of private sector interests into the conduct of research and the reporting of its results. Scientists are generally unprepared
for the challenges posed by private interests seeking to advance their economic, political, or ideological agendas. They must
educate and prepare themselves for assaults on scientific freedom, not because it is a legal right, but rather because social
progress depends on it.
相似文献
Mark S. FrankelEmail: |
114.
ERIC CAVALLERO 《Metaphilosophy》2009,40(1):42-64
Abstract: In this essay a set of principles is defended that yields a determinate allocation of sovereign competences across a global system of territorially nested jurisdictions. All local sovereign competences are constrained by a universal, justiciable human rights regime that also incorporates a conception of cross-border distributive justice and regulates the competence to control immigration for a given territory. Subject to human rights constraints, sovereign competences are allocated according to a conception of global democracy. The proposed allocation scheme can accommodate substantial local autonomy while at the same time ensuring that everyone has a voice in the political decisions that affect his or her interests. The relevant class of affected interests is fully specified. Relevant affects are of two kinds: those that impose norms of governance on individuals, and those that impose external costs on them. The favored sense of "an external cost" is developed and defended. 相似文献
115.
Scientific journals can promote ethical publication practices through policies on conflicts of interest. However, the prevalence
of conflict of interest policies and the definition of conflict of interest appear to vary across scientific disciplines.
This survey of high-impact, peer-reviewed journals in 12 different scientific disciplines was conducted to assess these variations.
The survey identified published conflict of interest policies in 28 of 84 journals (33%). However, when representatives of
49 of the 84 journals (58%) completed a Web-based survey about journal conflict of interest policies, 39 (80%) reported having
such a policy. Frequency of policies (including those not published) varied by discipline, from 100% among general medical
journals to none among physics journals. Financial interests were most frequently addressed with relation to authors; policies
for reviewers most often addressed non-financial conflicts. Twenty-two of the 39 journals with policies (56%) had policies
about editors’ conflicts. The highest impact journals in each category were most likely to have a published policy, and the
frequency of policies fell linearly with rank; for example, policies were published by 58% of journals ranked 1 in their category,
42% of journals ranked third, and 8% of journals ranked seventh (test for trend, p = 0.003). Having a conflict of interest policy was also associated with a self-reported history of problems with conflict
of interest. The prevalence of published conflict of interest policies was higher than that reported in a 1997 study, an increase
that might be attributable to heightened awareness of conflict of interest issues. However, many of the journals with policies
do not make them readily available and many of those policies that were available lacked clear definitions of conflict of
interest or details about how disclosures would be managed during peer review and publication. 相似文献
116.
医改的逻辑与利益集团的阳光博弈——兼谈美国医疗保障制度演进中的博弈规则 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王一方 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(10):14-16
医疗体制改革本质上是社会公共财富的再分配,伦理上涉及社会公正与正义,经济与管理上涉及各个阶层、利益集团的逐利博弈和理性之间的平衡张力。通过对美国20世纪60年代以来医疗保障立法过程中各个利益集团的交锋和妥协,尤其是代表美国医师利益的美国医学会在历次医疗保障立法程序中的诉求,揭示医疗制度改革的社会化流程,方案的精心设计是最重要的,当要取得社会共识,必须开放利益集团的"公堂博弈""舆论争锋"的空间,以便为后续实施提供良好的社会心理的土壤。 相似文献
117.
Item response theory was used to address gender bias in interest measurement. Differential item functioning (DIF) technique, SIBTEST and DIMTEST for dimensionality, were applied to the items of the six General Occupational Theme (GOT) and 25 Basic Interest (BI) scales in the Strong Interest Inventory. A sample of 1860 women and 1105 men was used. The scales were not unidimensional and contain both primary and minor dimensions. Gender-related DIF was detected in two-thirds of the items. Item type (i.e., occupations, activities, school subjects, types of people) did not differ in DIF. A sex-type dimension was found to influence the responses of men and women differently. When the biased items were removed from the GOT scales, gender differences favoring men were reduced in the R and I scales but gender differences favoring women remained in the A and S scales. Implications for the development, validation and use of interest measures are discussed. 相似文献
118.
Patrick J. Rottinghaus Charles K. Hees Julia A. Conrath 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2009,75(2):139-151
Investigations addressing the match between vocational interests and satisfaction have emphasized higher-order dimensions (e.g., Holland themes) and specific occupational scales. Although support exists at these levels of analysis for the hypothesis that congruence between interests and work environments yields satisfaction, limitations of these perspectives frequently result in small effect sizes or inconclusive results. This study examined the capacity of content scales of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory, including the General Occupational Themes (GOTs) and Basic Interest Scales (BISs), in predicting job satisfaction across 22 samples comprising 9647 working adults. Hypothesized multivariate sets of content scales, and predicted individual GOTs and BISs demonstrated significant group differences. Sequential discriminant function analyses demonstrated that sets of hypothesized BISs significantly distinguished between satisfied and dissatisfied workers beyond the six Holland themes in 17 of the 22 occupational samples. The authors discuss practical implications of interpreting BISs to augment Holland themes related to job satisfaction. 相似文献
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