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51.
《Behavior Therapy》2022,53(2):294-309
Cognitive models implicate interpretation bias in the development and maintenance of obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), and research supports Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) in targeting this mechanism. However, prior studies in OCRDs have been limited to nonclinical populations, adolescents, and adults in a laboratory setting. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I as an adjunctive intervention during intensive/residential treatment (IRT) for adults with OCRDs. We modified a lab-based CBM-I training for adults seeking IRT for OCRDs, and conducted a feasibility trial (N = 4) and subsequent pilot RCT; participants (N = 31) were randomized to receive CBM-I or psychoeducation. Benchmarks were met for feasibility, acceptability, and target engagement. From pre- to post-intervention, the CBM-I group showed a large effect for change in interpretation bias (d = .90), whereas this effect was trivial (d = .06) for psychoeducation. This was the first study to evaluate CBM-I in naturalistic treatment for adults seeking IRT for OCRDs. Findings support the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I in this novel sample and setting. A larger scale RCT is needed to determine whether CBM-I can enhance OCRD treatment response. 相似文献
52.
现在,等值越来越受到各考试测验机构及测量学研究人员的重视,特别是项目反应理论等值的优越性更使他们有了信心。然而,很多人却没有注意到被试能力分布形态可能给等值结果带来的影响效果及程度。本研究以项目反应理论两级记分模型的项目参数等值在不同被试能力分布形态下的结果差异作为重点,探讨被试抽样偏差可能给项目特征曲线等值带来的误差问题。研究结果表明,被试能力分布形态会显著地影响项目参数等值的系数,特别地,能力分布的偏态系数与等值方程的截距存在显著的线性相关关系,但能力分布形态的变化对等值方程中斜率的影响并不明显 相似文献
53.
Narrow Window theory, suggested by Y. Kareev ten years ago, has so far focused on one central implication of the limited capacity of working memory on intuitive correlation estimation, namely, overestimation of the distal population correlation. This paper points to additional and perhaps more dramatic implications due to the large dispersion of intuitive estimates: (a) large estimation errors, possibly causing overestimation of negligible rhos, misses of strong rhos, and distorted hierarchies of the rhos between different pairs of variables; and (b) large interpersonal differences in the estimation of any given rho and highly incongruent hierarchies of estimated correlations between different pairs of variables. These implications impede both individuals' adaptation to the empirical world and communication among themselves. 相似文献
54.
Lidia Obojska 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2007,36(6):641-657
The new system of axioms we propose is based on the foundational theory of De Giorgi et al. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Preprints di Matematica 26: 1 (1996) slightly modified. In that paper (which is dedicated to a new axiomatic framework for mathematics, informatics
and logic) the authors use two kinds of primitive notions: relations and qualities. Since their system is based on the distribution
paradigm, they start from distinction. We propose to shift the perspective and to start from unity and then from within unity
to pass to distinction; to this end we apply ideas of Lesniewski, Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 44 (1992). We introduce only one kind of entity as a primitive notion, namely relations, and treat qualities as articulations
of relations. The new concept of “primary relation” permits the introduction of a dynamic, non-standard form of identity,
which we hope will find application in various fields where self-referential structures are required. 相似文献
55.
Michael Schwarz 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2009,43(3):185-213
It is believed a proven fact that variables in social and personality psychology match to normal distribution with its single peak. Multiple peaks are explained by independent variables. However, after a comprehensive data analysis
of more than 8.000 patients and on the basis of a bio-psycho-social model with 27 scales, we arrived at the conclusion that
normal distribution and the psychometric error theory cannot withstand critical analysis in large samples. Beyond the “truth”
that is proved by distribution-dependent statistical inferences, there exists another “truth” that is denied by the empirical
doctrine. This “truth” is influenced by compensatory belief systems and explains paradoxes in quality of life research. We
hypothesize that items, referred to life risks are micro-stressors, triggering self-regulatory processes as a humanly inherent
response, deeply anchored in human evolution. Especially when exposed to threatening experiences, self-focused attention generates
amplified multimodal distributions and subverts the methodological premises by an ambivalence-bias between thrill and threat,
hopes and fears, pleasure and pain, success and failure, etc. In this article we want to focus attention to the incommensurability
between test theoretical axioms and the way people usually respond to self-focused items. We discuss basic distribution patterns
and approach to an evolutionary theory of fluctuation of validity.
Michael Schwarz (53) is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist with experiences in different areas of medical rehabilitation, organizational psychology, and quality management. Since 1992 he is employee in a gastroenterological rehabilitation clinic of Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (German Federal Pension Fund). His cumulated practical experience is more than 20.000 hours of psychological and psychotherapeutic sessions. In his doctoral dissertation he investigated methodological issues resulting from the bio-psycho-social diagnostics of subjective health. 相似文献
Michael SchwarzEmail: |
Michael Schwarz (53) is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist with experiences in different areas of medical rehabilitation, organizational psychology, and quality management. Since 1992 he is employee in a gastroenterological rehabilitation clinic of Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (German Federal Pension Fund). His cumulated practical experience is more than 20.000 hours of psychological and psychotherapeutic sessions. In his doctoral dissertation he investigated methodological issues resulting from the bio-psycho-social diagnostics of subjective health. 相似文献
56.
微观发生法:聚焦认知变化 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
微观发生法通过在变化发生的整个过程中对行为进行高密度观察和反复试验分析,可以提供关于认知变化的路线、速率、广度、来源以及变化模式的多样性等方面的精细信息,对于理解心理变化的机制有重要意义。该文论述了从发生法到微观发生法的演变过程、微观发生法的研究设计及其合理性与有待解决的问题。 相似文献
57.
Henk Kelderman 《Psychometrika》1992,57(3):437-450
In this paper algorithms are described for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in loglinear models.
Modified versions of the iterative proportional fitting and Newton-Raphson algorithms are described that work on the minimal
sufficient statistics rather than on the usual counts in the full contingency table. This is desirable if the contingency
table becomes too large to store. Special attention is given to loglinear IRT models that are used for the analysis of educational
and psychological test data. To calculate the necessary expected sufficient statistics and other marginal sums of the table,
a method is described that avoids summing large numbers of elementary cell frequencies by writing them out in terms of multiplicative
model parameters and applying the distributive law of multiplication over summation. These algorithms are used in the computer
program LOGIMO. The modified algorithms are illustrated with simulated data.
The author thanks Wim J. van der Linden, Gideon J. Mellenberh and Namburi S. Raju for their valuable comments and suggestions. 相似文献
58.
59.
Gregory Camilli 《Psychometrika》1995,60(2):305-312
It is demonstrated in this paper that two major tests for 2 × 2 talbes are highly related from a Bayesian perspective. Although it is well-known that Fisher's exact and Pearson's chi-square tests are asymptotically equivalent, the present analysis shows that a formal similarity also exists in small samples. The key assumption that leads to the resemblance is the presence of a continuous parameter measuring association. In particular, it is shown that Pearson's probability can be obtained by integrating a two-moment approximation to the posterior distribution of the log-odds ratio. Furthermore, Pearson's chi-square test gave an excellent approximation to the actual Bayes probability in all 2×2 tables examined, except for those with extremely disproportionate marginal frequencies. 相似文献
60.
Dall S Cuthill I Cook N Morphet M 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1997,67(2):181-192
Despite its importance as a tool for understanding a wide range of animal behavior, the study of reinforcement schedules in the laboratory has suffered from difficulties in the biological interpretation of its findings. This study is an operant-laboratory investigation of the ability of European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, to learn to respond adaptively to the problem of foraging on patchily distributed prey that are uncertainly located in space. In order to maximize the biological relevance of the laboratory study, variation in the aggregation of earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris (a prey species), was rigorously quantified from the field, and the experimental birds were presented with reinforcement schedules designed to represent the extremes of the observed variation. The results demonstrate that, even for a single prey species, the degree to which individuals are aggregated can vary markedly over a range of spatial scales, and that starlings can rapidly learn to respond, in an adaptive manner, to these variations. These findings suggest that starlings are capable of adjusting their behavior to facilitate the efficient exploitation of prey that occurs in patches of an uncertain nature, and thus illustrate the heuristic value of an ecologically informed operant-laboratory approach to studying foraging behavior. 相似文献