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731.
By altering the task constraints of cooperative and competitive game contexts in badminton, insights can be obtained from a dynamical systems perspective to investigate the underlying processes that results in either a gradual shift or transition of playing patterns. Positional data of three pairs of skilled female badminton players (average age 20.5 ± 1.38 years) were captured and analyzed. Local correlation coefficient, which provides information on the relationship of players’ displacement data, between each pair of players was computed for angle and distance from base position. Speed scalar product was in turn established from speed vectors of the players. The results revealed two patterns of playing behaviors (i.e., in-phase and anti-phase patterns) for movement displacement. Anti-phase relation was the dominant coupling pattern for speed scalar relationships among the pairs of players. Speed scalar product, as a collective variable, was different between cooperative and competitive plays with a greater variability in amplitude seen in competitive plays leading to a winning point. The findings from this study provide evidence for increasing stroke variability to perturb existing stable patterns of play and highlights the potential for speed scalar product to be a collective variable to distinguish different patterns of play (e.g., cooperative and competitive). 相似文献
732.
In this special issue, Ernst (2014) outlines the triadic systems model, which focuses on the balanced interaction among three functional neural systems: the prefrontal cortex (regulation/control), striatum (motivation/approach), and amygdala (emotion/avoidance). Asynchrony in maturation timelines, coupled with less mature connectivity across brain regions, is thought to result in unique vulnerabilities for risk taking during the adolescent age period. Yet, the research evidence linking the triadic systems model to differences in risk taking across adolescence and adulthood is equivocal, and few studies have examined how neural development is associated with real-world behavior. In this commentary, we outline research on adolescent risk taking which highlights the importance of considering trait level and situational conditions when examining associations between neural systems and behavior, as well as the need to adopt a lifespan perspective. 相似文献
733.
J. Robert Thompson 《Cognitive Science》2014,38(7):1432-1455
Recent evidence that young children seem to both understand false belief in one sense, but not in another, has led to two‐systems theorizing about mindreading. By analyzing the most detailed two‐systems approach in studying social cognition—the theory of mindreading defended by Ian Apperly and Stephen Butterfill—I argue that that even when dutifully constructed, two‐systems approaches in social cognition struggle to adequately define the mindreading systems in terms of signature processing limits, an issue that becomes most apparent when investigating mindreading in infancy. I end the article by developing several challenges that face any two‐systems account of mindreading. 相似文献
734.
The direct social perception (DSP) thesis claims that we can directly perceive some mental states of other people. The direct perception of mental states has been formulated phenomenologically and psychologically, and typically restricted to the mental state types of intentions and emotions. I will compare DSP to another account of mindreading: dual process accounts that posit a fast, automatic “Type 1” form of mindreading and a slow, effortful “Type 2” form. I will here analyze whether dual process accounts’ Type 1 mindreading serves as a rival to DSP or whether some Type 1 mindreading can be perceptual. I will focus on Apperly and Butterfill’s dual process account of mindreading epistemic states such as perception, knowledge, and belief. This account posits a minimal form of Type 1 mindreading of belief-like states called registrations. I will argue that general dual process theories fit well with a modular view of perception that is considered a kind of Type 1 process. I will show that this modular view of perception challenges and has significant advantages over DSP’s phenomenological and psychological theses. Finally, I will argue that if such a modular view of perception is accepted, there is significant reason for thinking Type 1 mindreading of belief-like states is perceptual in nature. This would mean extending the scope of DSP to at least one type of epistemic state. 相似文献
735.
This study examined the continuous interpersonal interactions of performers in dyadic systems in team sports, as a function of changing information constraints. As a task vehicle, we investigated how attackers attained success in 1v1 sub-phases of basketball by exploring angular relations with immediate opponents and the basket. We hypothesized that angular relations would convey information for the attackers to dribble past defenders. Four basketball players performed as an attacker and defender in 1v1 sub-phases of basketball, in which the co-positioning and orientation of participants relative to the basket was manipulated. After video recording performance behaviors, we digitized participant movement displacement trajectories and categorized trials as successful or unsuccessful (from the attackers’ viewpoint). Results revealed that, to successfully dribble past a defender, attackers tended to explore the left hand side of the space by defenders by increasing their angular velocity and decreasing their angular variability, especially in the center of the court. Interpersonal interactions and goal-achievement in attacker–defender dyads appear to have been constrained by the angular relations sustained between participants relative to the scoring target. Results revealed the functionality of exploratory behaviors of participants attempting re-align spatial relations with an opponent in 1v1 sub-phases of team games. 相似文献
736.
There has been considerable debate in the literature about the relative merits of information processing versus dynamical approaches to understanding cognitive processes. In this article, we explore the relationship between these two styles of explanation using a model agent evolved to solve a relational categorization task. Specifically, we separately analyze the operation of this agent using the mathematical tools of information theory and dynamical systems theory. Information‐theoretic analysis reveals how task‐relevant information flows through the system to be combined into a categorization decision. Dynamical analysis reveals the key geometrical and temporal interrelationships underlying the categorization decision. Finally, we propose a framework for directly relating these two different styles of explanation and discuss the possible implications of our analysis for some of the ongoing debates in cognitive science. 相似文献
737.
In order to cope with the diagnosis of mental illness in a family member, siblings may be forced to adjust their roles in the family. Taking into account the crucial role that some siblings play in caregiving for the mentally ill especially when the parents are no longer available, it is imperative to develop awareness of their unique needs and address them. Thirty‐three adult siblings of people diagnosed with a mental disorder completed the Role Behaviour Inventory (RBI) and a general questionnaire including open‐ended questions regarding the roles they played in their families of origin. Findings from the inventory and general questionnaire suggest that the well siblings score higher on two roles, the Hero and Lost Child, and lower on the Mascot and Scapegoat roles relative to a comparison group (N = 33). Being a sibling caregiver emerged as a risk factor to assume certain dysfunctional roles in the family. Implications for future research and therapy are discussed. 相似文献
738.
《心理科学进展》2025,33(6)
本研究面向经济高质量发展需求, 立足数智技术发展的科技前沿, 旨在揭示人机协同销售场景下, 智能化数据分析看板(机器)与卖方(销售人员)如何协同可为多方(卖方−买方−平台方)创造价值的机理。将智能化数据分析区分为描述性(发生了什么)、诊断性(为什么会发生)、预测性(将会发生什么)和干预性(应该做些什么), 探讨不同关系(交换关系vs.共有关系)导向下的关键问题: 何种数据分析与卖方何种能力协同可促进销售行为变化, 进而提高短期交易结果; 何种协同可提升买方体验, 进而提高长期关系质量; 进一步识别出两种关系导向的适用情景(即不同的市场环境特征)。本研究将为人机协同、数据分析、平台企业价值创造路径研究提供新的理论洞察; 帮助平台方与卖方清晰认知并运用智能化数据分析为卖方−买方−平台方创造价值, 推动人机协同销售实践创新, 提升供需匹配效率和效果。 相似文献
739.
人工智能技术在医疗领域的应用正深刻变革传统医患关系。一方面,人工智能技术凭借其在优化医疗资源配置、缓解医生工作压力、降低误诊率等方面的优势,为改善医患关系提供了积极的助力。另一方面,人工智能技术的应用也带来了一些潜在挑战,如黑箱问题导致的信任危机、极端情况下人性化沟通的缺失,以及由责任归属不明确引发的医患风险。这些问题可能对医患关系的和谐发展产生负面作用。基于此,发展智能医疗过程中应坚持以“人”为中心,秉持对医生与患者关怀的理念,推动技术与人文关怀相融合,以构建更加和谐的医患关系。
相似文献740.
谢诗瑶;李顺平;刘子钰 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2024,45(11):67-71
分析美国、日本、澳大利亚和欧盟四个典型国家/地区在罕见病法律法规或有关规定方面的共性和差异,特别关注了制度设计、执行机构、运作机制和激励措施。发现药物可及性是各地法律制度的关键焦点,但在药物保障的具体法律实施方面各有不同,表现在单独法规与综合法律体系的选择上。此外,融入患者视角和强化社群治理是值得借鉴的经验。基于境外经验,提出适宜我国国情的罕见病防治法律制度优化建议,涵盖立法路径、立法切入点和立法内容,旨在更有效全面地保护罕见病患者权益。
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