组织内信任研究的核心问题及其发展趋势

信任是当前组织领域研究的热点。文章通过对组织中信任研究核心问题的梳理,得出信任研究发展的以下趋势：重视情景因素、信任者主动性和情感因素对信任的影响,重视快速信任、信任发展中的动机化归因过程以及对信任机制的研究,关注社会网络分析与传统信任测量的结合。未来研究在把握上述发展趋势的同时,应在关系模式下理解信任的内涵、关注宏观层面情景因素对信任的影响、开展纵向研究验证信任发展模型以及建立信任机制的整合模型。     

灾后心理援助的组织与实施

本文根据汶川震后心理援助的工作实践和经验积累,提出灾后心理援助应当从警戒期、抵抗期和衰竭期（时间维度）和灾难中心、周边地区、非灾区（空间维度）构建工作框架,针对重灾区的应激阶段、灾难周边地区的应激阶段、非灾区的应激阶段、重灾区的冲击阶段、灾难周边地区的冲击阶段、灾区的重建期的不同特点,有针对性地实施心理援助。总目标是通过在灾区建立心理援助工作的长期机制,降低受灾群众的心理创伤程度,激发内在潜能,增进面对灾难和挫折的能力,培养积极、乐观、向上的心理品质,帮助其认识生命的意义和价值,从而促进个体顺利完成心理重建。此外,对心理援助工作的原则、组织结构和规章制度等进行了阐述,并提出心理援助的组织和实施工作亟待解决的问题     

上下级情绪智力对LMX、员工工作结果变量的作用研究

本研究探讨员工情绪智力对领导一成员交换（LMX）和员工工作结果变量的影响,并分析了上级情绪智力在其间的作用。研究通过对银行业员工及其直接领导进行280份问卷调查,运用相关分析、回归分析等统计方法。发现员工情绪智力和LMX、员工的情感承诺、组织公民行为、工作绩效正相关,上级情绪智力对员工情绪智力和LMX之间的关系有缓冲作用,LMX对员工情绪智力和员工情感承诺、组织公民行为之间的关系起到部分中介作用。     

Effet des représentations et des conditions d’activités sur l’épuisement professionnel des policiers français dans un contexte de réformes

The purpose of this article is (1) to test the hypothesis of the primacy of subjective factors (professional representations) compared to objective factors of activity (ratio of police to population and ratio of police to reported offences) and sociobiographic factors (age and seniority), in the determination of the professional exhaustion expressed by French policemen in the current context of administrative reforms. A determination of professional representations and professional exhaustion by the status of the policemen are also advanced (2). The empirical study (N=143) confirmed these expectations and allowed to engage a psychosocial analysis concerning identity issues connected to professional representations within the framework of politics of prevention of the police professional exhaustion.     

Evolutionary Psychology： How Psychological Mechanisms Shaped by Natural Selection for Ancestral Environments Produce Current Behaviours

The central purpose of this paper is to explain how Darwin′s theory of evolution by natural selection can be used in understanding current human behaviour. First, Darwin′s logic is briefly described. Development is an important issue when applying evolutionary theory to human behaviour. The notion of innate developmental organization of psychological mechanisms is introduced. The possible social and political outcomes produced when different levels of innate developmental organization are paired with differ...     

临时性组织中的快速信任：概念、形成前因及影响结果

快速信任是适应临时性组织的速成性、短期性和任务复杂性特点而形成的新的信任研究方向, 其一反传统信任对个性、人际关系和情感的关注而转向对认知、行为和角色的关注。利用快速信任能有效地管理临时性组织的脆弱性、不确定性、风险和期望问题。在介绍快速信任的概念和测量的基础上, 综述了影响快速信任形成的信任倾向、类别与原型和角色等因素, 并阐述了快速信任对团队及系统层面结果变量的影响。未来研究需对快速信任的情感成分、测量及维度划分、快速信任与领导的交互影响、快速信任下的不信任以及快速信任的动态发展方面展开深入探讨。     

Global shape integration and illusory form perception in the absence of awareness

Previous research on perceptual organization operations still provides contradictory evidence on whether the integration of sparse local elements into coherently unified shapes and the construction of the illusory form are accomplished without the need of awareness. In the present study, three experiments were conducted in which participants were presented with masked (Experiment 1, SOA = 27 ms; Experiment 2; SOA = 53 ms) and unmasked (Experiment 3) primes consisting of geometric shapes (a square or a diamond) that could be congruent or incongruent with subsequent probe stimuli (square vs. diamond). Furthermore, the primes were divided into: a grouping condition (where local elements may group together into global shapes), an illusory condition (where the arrangement of local elements produced illusory shapes) and a hybrid condition (where both operations were presented simultaneously). While no priming effects were found for the shortest SOA (27 ms), both grouping and illusory primes produced significant priming effects in the longer SOA (53 ms). On the other hand, results in Experiment 3 (unmasked) showed strong priming effects for the grouping of the inducers in both the grouping and the hybrid conditions, and also a significant but weaker priming effect for the illusory condition. Overall, our results support the possibility of the integration of local visual features into a global shape in the absence of awareness and, likewise, they suggest an early –subliminal– construction of the illusory shape, implying that feedback projections from higher to lower visual areas are not crucial in the construction of the illusory form.     

高校辅导员的边界分割偏好与工作-非工作冲突:边界分割管理策略的调节作用

采用问卷调查法,对312名高校辅导员进行调查,探讨边界分割偏好、组织分割供给和个人边界分割策略与工作-非工作冲突的关系。结果表明:(1)辅导员的边界分割偏好与工作-非工作冲突正相关;(2)组织分割供给和个人边界分割策略均能减弱边界分割偏好与工作-非工作冲突之间的正相关。本研究提示高校应在不影响工作的前提下尽量向辅导员提供更多的组织分割供给,同时辅导员也可以通过灵活运用边界分割策略,进行自主的工作-非工作边界管理。     

Vygotsky and beyond: horizons for the future of psychology / Vygotski y más allá: horizontes para el futuro de la psicología

In this article some usually overlooked aspects of Vygotsky’s work are presented. First, the understanding of the mediation system as a trans-organic, extended branch of the psychological system. Second, the semantic nature of conscience and the systemic neuropsychological organization of higher functions. Third, the leading role played in the psychic system by directive functions. Fourth, the understanding of human evolution as open and permanently provisional. Last, a reference is made to the role of psychology in the process of human auto-evolution, which Vygotsky viewed as a mission.     

小学教师课堂信息加工能力的研究

研究采用小学语文和数学教学录像为实验材料,以98名小学语文数学教师、其他学科教师和非教师为研究对象,运用反应时测量法探讨小学教师加工不同类型课堂信息的速度和辨别能力。结果表明:有学科教学经验的教师(语文和数学教师)在重视学科教学内容的同时,也重视课堂教学活动的组织和课堂气氛的调节;学科知识、学科教学经验和课堂教学经验对教师的课堂信息加工能力和教学专长发展有显著的影响;研究结论对提高教师课堂教学能力、教学专长以及教师培训提供了有力的实验证据。